# Higher productivity of smaller machinery

When production machines are made smaller they can produce massively more product per time.

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(wiki-TODO: Resolve the issue with the text in this illustration!)

When going down the convergent assembly levels in an advanced gem-gum factory one finds that the throughput capacity of the next lower assembly stage (a mono-layer that may or may not conform to flat coplanar sheets) is "always" equal to the throughput capacity of the local stage. The important thing is that this mono-"layer" has a smaller total volume than the local stage. Going down further assembly levels one finds mono-"layers" with even smaller thickness (and smaller corresponding volume) but the throughput capacity is still the same.

("always" ... that is when assuming all levels work at the same speed and throughput is balance is not influenced by other factors).

That is a very pleasant surprise! In a first approximation halving the size of manufacturing robotics doubles throughput capacity per volume. Going down from one meter to one micrometer (a factor of a million) the throughput capacity per volume explodes a whopping millionfold (a linear scaling law).

This can't be extended arbitrary though. Below the micrometer level some effects (discussed later) prevent further rise.

## Getting silly – questionable and unnecessary productivity levels

Now what if one would take a super thin microscale (possibly non-flat) assembly mono-"layer" that one finds pretty far down the convergent assembly stack and fills a whole macroscopic volume with many copies of it?

The answer is (in case of general purpose gem-gum factories) that the product couldn't be removed/expulsed fast enough. One hits fundamental acceleration limits (even for the strongest available diamondoid metamaterials) and long before that severe problems with mechanical resonances are likely to occur.

Note that the old and obsolete idea of packing a volume full with diamondoid molecular assemblers wouldn't tap into that potential because these devices are below the microscale level in the nanoscale where the useful behavior of physics of raising throughput density with falling size of assembly machinery is hampered by other effects.

## Antagonistic effects/laws – sub microscale

The problem that emerges at the nanoscale is twofold.

• falling size => rising bearing area per volume => rising friction => to compensate: lower operation speed (and frequency) – summary: lower assembly event density in time
• falling size => rising machinery size to part size (atoms in the extreme case) – summary: lower assembly site density in space

Due to the nature of superlubricating friction:

• it scales with the square of speed (halving speed quaters friction losses)
• it scales linear with surface area (doubling area doubles friction)

It makes sense to slow down a bit and compensate by stacking layers for level throughput balancing. A combination of halving speed and doubling the number of stacked equal mono-"layers" halves friction while keeping throughput constant.

## Lessening the macroscale throughput bottleneck

There are also effects/laws (located in the macroscale) that can help increase throughput density above the first approximation. Details on that can be found (for now) on the "Level throughput balancing" page.