Difference between revisions of "Gem-gum technology"

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The nature of products in this technology level is outlined in the definition of APM on the [[Main Page]]. <br>
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{{Template:Site specific definition}}
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This page should give more details to the different aspects of advanced APM systems.
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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; text-align: center"
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! colspan = "2"|Defining traits of technology level III
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|-
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| building method
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| robotic control ([[machine phase]])
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|-
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| building material
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| minimal [[Moiety|molecule fragments]] and single H atoms
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|-
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| building environment
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| vacuum or noble gas
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|-
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! colspan = "2"|Navigation
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|-
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| back to very first level
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| [[technology level 0]]
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|-
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| previous level
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| [[technology level II]]
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|-
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| previous step
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| [[introduction of practically perfect vacuum]]
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|-
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| '''you are here'''
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| '''Technology level III'''
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|-
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| basis for products
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| [[diamondoid metamaterials]]
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|-
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| products
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| [[further improvement at technology level III]]
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|}
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[[File:Box_full_of_future_technology.jpg|400px|thumb|right|This box is full of things made with future '''gemstone metamaterial technology'''. While we can already make out roughly what [[products of gem-gum technology|some products]] could look like their exact visual appearance for now remain censored and hidden for our still undeserving eyes.]]
  
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----
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'''Gemstone metamaterial technology (or gem-gum-tec for short)''' is the far term target technology of [[Main Page|atomically precise manufacturing]]. <br>
  
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Defining traits of technology level III:
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Gem-gum-tec as a technological target point worth aiming for …
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* robotic control ([[machine phase]])
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* was identified via stringent application of low level [[exploratory engineering]] done in the book [[Nanosystems]].
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* handling of very small moieties or single atoms
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* is not just some fantastic vision based on mere wishful thinking. <br> That is: It's not like "we want the periodic table to behave like a construction kit therefore it will". No. There was feasibility analysis being done and things tuned out to be surprising promising. <br><small>(See: [[Ultimate limits#Whisful thinking vs Exploratory engineering]])</small>
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* operation under vacuum
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Navigation:
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= Introduction =
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* start: [[technology level 0]]
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* previous: [[technology level II]]
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* pre-products: [[diamondoid metamaterials]]
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* products: [[further improvement at technology level III]]
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= Productive nanosystems  =
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This page will focus more on the products (artifacts of atomically precise technology)<br>
 +
rather the production devices (devices for atomically precise manufacturing)
  
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[[file:technology-path-sketched.png|thumb|Growing specialization of nanosystems with incremental technology improvement leads more to nanofactories than assemblers.]]
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== Products ==
  
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In the beginning of APM research only ''(molecular) assemblers'' where considered as a means for reachig the capability to produce macroscopic amounts of a [[further improvement at technology level III|product]] or block of [[diamondoid metamaterial|material]].<br>
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'''See main page: [[Products of gem-gum-tec]]''' <br>
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At '''T.Level III''' it turns out that advanced nanofactories are more balanced and efficient than assembler systems than at [[technology level I]] where the border between minimal assemblers and rudimentary nanofactories is more blurred. A rudimentary nanofactory might be buildabel with exponential assembly instead of [[self replication]] but simplified two dimentional assembler linkages/mechanisms might work too. <br>
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Also related: [[opportunities]] and [[dangers]]
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To have an umbrella term for both ideas The term ''productive nanosystems'' was introduced.<br>
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Using the whole volume for the building process of the product rather than a layer in the "classic" nanofactory design could speed up the building process. But this will not be neccesary for practical usage ['''TODO''' find and link existing proof]. If you build a solid block though you might end up being slower than with the layer method due to the [[fractal growth speedup limit]]  
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Products of gemstome metamatrial technology use [[gemstone like compounds]] as base materials but <br>
 +
vastly change their mechanical and other properties through nanostructuring into [[gemstone based metamaterial]]s. <br>
 +
For the fundamental nature of products of this technology see: [[Defining traits of gem-gum-tech]]. <br>
  
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== Assembly levels ==
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'''Some expectable properties of this technology on the base materials side:'''
 +
* A giant slew on new materials with from today's perspective very weird and unexpected properties.
 +
* Way more materials that are suitable for outdoor usage exposed to rainwater and sun.
 +
* Materials with combinations of properties that are thought to be impossible today<br> E.g. Super-thought super-elastic elastic scratch resistant and heat transparent [[metamaterial]]s.
 +
* extremely low density yet robust materials allowing for (very speculative) [[aerial meshes]].
  
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The assambly process of AP products can be clearly divided in a number of subsequent steps no matter whether the concrete implementetion of a productive nanosytem looks more like a nanofactory or more like an assembler system. Those steps are implementation agnostic. Further details can de found on the [[assembly levels|assembly levels page]].
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'''Some expectable properties of this technology on the materials side (near surface):'''
 +
* extremely bright displays with a much wider color gamut than what's possible today (2023) <br>also passive reflective-color displays with video capability <br>holographic capabilities (in the physically accurate meaning)
  
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== Assemblers  ==
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'''Some expectable properties of this technology on the products side:'''
 +
* The possible high power densities means actuators will become invisibly integrated into things.
 +
* Ultra advanced emergency relieve systems. See: [[Disaster proof]] & [[Desert scenario]]
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* Enormous advances in macroscale robotics. See: [[Multi limbed sensory equipped shells]]
  
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[[File:self-replicating-assembler-unit.png|thumb|Artistic depiction of a mobile assembler unit capable of self replication. An outdated idea.]]
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'''Some expectable properties of this technology on the production machinery side:'''
 +
* Super-fast and local [[recycling]] by disassembling stuff only to the reusable [[microcomponent]] level rather than individual atoms.
 +
* Many public terminals for a [[global microcomponent redistribution system]]
 +
* Larger scale systems may take the manufacturing chips along with them. <br>Like e.g. "growing roads" or sparse-scaffold mega-structures in shipyards for the maritime sea and outer space.
  
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'''Note: Assemblers are deprecated!'''<br>The idea is to create a machine with side-lengths of a few hundred nanometers which packages all the functionality to produce useful products and also make copies of itself (directly with [[diamondoid]] [[mechanosynthesis]]). This way you get an exponential rate of reproduction and can produce macroscopic goods in reasonable amounts of time.
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== Production devices (also a product) ==
  
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It turned out that packaging all the functionality into such a small package is a rather unbalanced and inefficient approach for T.Level III. This can be seen in the nanofactory cross section image (further down this page) where it is visible that the bottommost assembly levels (here layers) take the largest portion of the stack. In the small package of an assembler the bottommost layers would be underrepresented making it rather slow.
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'''See main page: [[Gemstone metamaterial on-chip factories]]'''
  
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Quite a bit of thought was put into this model. Either they where supposed to swim about in a solution or there was some form of movement mechanism in a machine phase scaffold crystal envisioned like:
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Artifacts (products) of in-vacuum gem-gum technology are manufactured via robotic atomically precise pick and place manipulation of [[moiety|molecule fragments of a size ranging from one to a few atoms each]] ([[piezochemical mechanosynthesis]]). This happens in an environment "filled" with [[practically perfect vacuum]]. Following are a number of assembly steps at increasingly larger size scales. Thesee are the [[assembly levels]] of [[convergent assembly]].
  
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*sliding cubes [TODO add references]  
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Products are assembled in [[advanced productive nanosystem]]s.<br>
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*legged blocks [TODO add references]
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These [[gem-gum factories]] may come in various [[Form factors of gem-gum factories|form factors]].
 +
Most promising candidate at the moment are [[gemstone metamaterial on-chip factories]] with an [[Design of gem-gum on-chip factories|appropriate design]] that employs [[convergent assembly]].
  
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The combination of their appearance (legs) with their very tightly packed capability of [[self replication]] in their vacuum "belly" that seem akin to a "whomb" led to the situation that the public started to perceive this technology as swarms of tiny life like nano-bugs that could potentially start uncontrollable and unstoppable self replication. Why this is a rather missinformed opinion can be read up [[the grey goo meme|here]].
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= Related =
  
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'''Many considerations about assemblers are still relevant:'''
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* The core of the technology. The manufacturing devices: '''[[Gemstone metamaterial on-chip factory]]'''
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* ''methods for movement'' e.g. for the transport of microcomponents and self repair by microcomponent replacement in the higher assembly levels of nanofactories. The ''[[legged mobility|legged block mobility]]'' design is also known from the concept of [[Utility Fog|Utility Fog]] ''(speculativity warning) ''but has other design priorities in an manufacturing context like more rigidity and less "intelligence".
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* [[Technology levels]]
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* ''methods for gas tight sealing''
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* [[The defining traits of gem-gum-tec]]
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* ''and many more ...''
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* [[In-vacuum gem-gum technology]] is both making up and made by [[gemstone metamaterial on chip factory]]. <br>If that sounds paradox it's because of the chicken egg problem of [[Bootstrapping methods for productive nanosystems|bootstrapping such factories]].
−
 
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* [[Gem-gum technology (disambiguation)]]
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== Advanced nanofactories  ==
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----
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* [[Macroscale style machinery at the nanoscale]]
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[[File:productive-nanosystems-video-snapshot.png|thumb|Cross section through a nanofactory showing the lower assembly levels vertically stacked on top of each other. Image from the official "productive nanosystems" video.]]
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[[File:0609factory700x681.jpg|thumb|Artistic depiction of a nanofactory. Only the last assembly level (convergent assembly) is visible to the naked eye.]]
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An [http://e-drexler.com/p/04/05/0609factoryImages.html artistic depiction] of a nanofactory.
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Note that only [[assembly levels#Level IV:|assemly level IV]] (convergent assembly) is visible in this picture. <br>
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The official productive nanosystem video [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mY5192g1gQg] shows all the other [[assembly levels]] except IV.
+
−
 
+
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There is an interesting article about Nanofactory design written by Chris Phoenix in 2003 "[http://www.jetpress.org/volume13/Nanofactory.htm Design of a Primitive Nanofactory]". It seems that instead of incremental technology improvement over technology levels a direct step to diamondoid APM is assumed. Simple forms of [[mechanosynthesis]] and exclusive use of bulk diamond are assumed.
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−
 
+
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=== Component router systems ===
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For the transport of unfinished product parts of different sizes from lower to higher [[assembly levels]]
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nanofactories use routing structures either with separate or merged multiplexing and de-multiplexing steps.
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There are two in some respects similar yet in other respects very different steps where this occurs.
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* when [[diamondoid molecular elements]] (DMEs) are transported from assembly level I to II
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* when [[microcomponents]] are transported from assembly level II to III
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Since direct control of those systems would clog the IO bottleneck hirachical heterogenous [[nanomechanical computing]] system must be integrated in parallel.
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Temporary storage facilities for microcomponents are optional and may be more useful as seperate macroscopic entity.
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+
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= Design levels  =
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APM systems can depending on the size of the chunk of them that is under considereration be designed at three different levels:
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* tooltip chemistry level
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* atomistic mechanic level
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* lower bulk limit
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* system level
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Further details can de found on the [[design levels|design levels page]].
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+
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== Diamondoid Molecular Elements (DMEs) ==
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At the core an advanced productive APM systems consist out of DMEs. <br>
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DMEs can be designed either directly at the atomistic level or in lower bulk limit form.
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+
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There are two types of DMEs:
+
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*Diamondoid Molecular machine elements DMMEs
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*Diamondoid Molecular structural elements DMSEs
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Furthere details can be found [[diamondoid molecular elements|diamondoid molecular elements page]].
+
−
 
+
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Certain standard sets like ''housing components'' or a ''minimal set of compatible DMMEs'' are needed.
+
  
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Potential structural and machine elements that seem suitable to port them to DME designs can be found here:
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= Terminology =
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* [http://www.thingiverse.com/mechadense/collections/potential-nano-machine-and-nano-structural-elements Thingiverse collection I]
+
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* ['''Todo:''' add further resources]
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Depending on the design different degrees of modifications need to be done. <br>
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All degrees of freedome need to be controlled, wall thicknesses need to be increased, atomic roughness must be considered, ...
+
  
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== Logistics ==
+
Here in this wiki "gem-gum tech" used without a prefix:  
 +
* shall always refer to this technology operating in vacuum "in-vacuum gem-gum tech". ([[PPV]] in a [[gem-gum housing shell]])
 +
* shall not refer to "in-solvent gem-gum tech" <br>(an eventual precursor technology)
  
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Part of system level design...
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== About the chosen name for this kind of technology (meta) ==
  
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*Data
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"In-vacuum gemstone metamaterial technology"
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*Energy
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is a novel term introduced on this wiki (2017).
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*Raw Material
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*Waste
+
  
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= Vacuum =
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Alternative older terms had one or many of the following problems:
 +
* they didn't exclude unrelated topics well (far too general and wide in scope)
 +
* they didn't capture the most important aspects of the technology well
 +
* they weren't catchy memorable and useably short
  
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[[Mechanosynthesis]] of [[diamondoid]] materials in t.level III needs to be done in a "perfect" vacuum (or noble gas).
+
This situation led to [[History|problems in form of confusion and conflict in the past]].<br>
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Actually this is the defining trait seperating it from [[technology level II|t.level II]].
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Introduction of the new terms should in general be kept to a minimum. <br>
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Any free gas molecules would quickly react with the tooltips rendering them dysfunctional.
+
But in this case the new term seems well motivated and thus justified.
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From current perspective creation of "perfect" vacua seems illusionary. Any operator of an UHV system knows that it is impossible to get rid of all the gas molecules that are unavoidably adsorbed on the vacuuum vessels walls.
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The current perspective is based on the current technology though.
+
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The vacuum vessels for APM systems of t.level III
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* are cavities sized in the nanometer range - this increases the probability of having zero gas molecules captured inside
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* have atomically precise maximally flat walls - not allowing for gas adsorption and allowing for maximally tight seals without out-gassing lubricants
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* can utilize atomically tight positive displacement pumps for vacuum generation - no backflow
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and are thus capable of creating sufficient vacua.
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(About sealings and pumps: Nanosystems 11.4.2 & 11.4.3)
+
  
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At some place in the [[assembly levels]] (above Level II) '''products''' or fractions of them '''need to be locked out''' out of the vacuum area while keeping the interior perfectly gas free. This can be done with two pistons like depicted below.
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== Motivations for the name ==
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This method doubles as a pump for stray gas molecules. Import of parts (locking them in) is not possible here.
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Openings are wide enough to allow [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_molecular_flow free molecular flow].
+
  
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To get the parts through the airlock at some point one has to let go of the parts.
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The "gem-gum" part of the name represents two core ideas:
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To keep the parts in [[machine phase]] one can designed them to have three surfaces normal to each other at their outermost positions (red lines in graphic) so they stick in a corner by Van der Waals forces. Alternately for parts filling almost the whole chamber conical re-centering could be used to get the parts back into [[machine phase]].
+
  
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[[File:Single-cycle-export-airlock.png|A method to lock out passivated parts into non-vacuum-areas that keeps the internal vacuum completely intact. Only export of parts is possible here. To import parts for tuning/repair/recycling an other method has to be used.]]
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1) The core idea that even when one can [[mechanosynthesis|mechanosynthesize]] almost nothing (just a few simple [[diamondoid compound|base materials]]) one can make almost anything by mechanical emulation. '''Mechanical metamaterials'''. "gum" is just a shorthand for a concrete example of such a [[metamaterial]] that rhymes on "gem" which makes memorization a lot easier. Also it's an concrete example that's rather un-intuitive. Rubber made from gemstone. Which could peak interest (click-bait effect).
  
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It is '''more difficult''' to '''lock in''' parts. This '''reverse direction isn't a necessity''' for t.level III APM with its [[mechanosynthesis]] done in vacuum.
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2) The core idea that gradually increasing the [[stiffness]] of [[diamondoid compound|the materials one builds with]] is the ultimate key to advanced [[mechanosynthesis]]. The term "gem" (short for gemstone - obviously) points exclusively to the stiff base materials of the far term target technology. This explicitly excludes early stage atomically precise manufacturing such as "[[structural DNA nanotechnology]]" which has no [[positional atomic precision]] and would be mushed in with other terms.
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A lot recycling can be done with passivated [[microcomponents]] in non vacuum envirounment.
+
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The ability to lock parts back in '''might be useful''' for tuning / repair / [[diamondoid molecular elements|DME]] recycling on a sub microcomponent level (see [[assembly levels]]).  
+
  
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To lock parts in by shearing off gas molecules is not an option since the parts can be arbitrarily shaped.
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The "in-vacuum" part of the name narrows down further to materials that can only be synthesized in [[practically perfect vacuum]].
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Still extremely low probabilities of remaining trapped gas molecules can be archived by usage of various pumping methods.
+
  
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* using pistons / bellows that have a multiple volume of the handled parts
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'''See main page: [[The defining traits of gem-gum-tec]]'''
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* operating pistons multiple times
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* stacking airlocks in stages.
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* additional usage of microscale turbo-molecular pumps (Nanosystems: Section 11.4.3.)
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* exposed unpassivated surfaces
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* slight heating if the nanofactory and product allows this (and when no remnants of temperature sensitive t.level I are included)
+
  
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Examples for positive displacement pumps:
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== Modifications of the name ==
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* piston pumps - advantage of high throughput area
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* bellow pumps
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* scroll pumps
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* processing cavity pumps
+
  
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== alternate vacuum methods ==
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On this wiki "Technology level III" may sometimes be used synonymously for in-vacuum gem-gum technology.
  
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* blowing up a vacuum bubble by either an extendable flexible skin or sliding blocks - Nanosystems: Figure 14.2. & Figure 14.3.
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By leaving out the "in-vacuum" part of the name (leaving only "gem-gum-tec") one can precisely widen the scope to include one technology level below. Namely ([[In-solvent gem-gum technology]]).
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* extruding a cuboid out of a cuboid - this was an idea for assembler self replication - Nanosystems: Figure 14.6. & KSRM ...
+
  
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usage of some noble gas to blow up non-stiff enclosures
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An other term occasionally used on the wiki to refer to gem-gum-tec is "advanced atomically precise technology". In-liquid gem-gum-tec may or may not be included dependent on context.

Latest revision as of 13:07, 20 June 2023

This article defines a novel term (that is hopefully sensibly chosen). The term is introduced to make a concept more concrete and understand its interrelationship with other topics related to atomically precise manufacturing. For details go to the page: Neologism.
Defining traits of technology level III
building method robotic control (machine phase)
building material minimal molecule fragments and single H atoms
building environment vacuum or noble gas
Navigation
back to very first level technology level 0
previous level technology level II
previous step introduction of practically perfect vacuum
you are here Technology level III
basis for products diamondoid metamaterials
products further improvement at technology level III
This box is full of things made with future gemstone metamaterial technology. While we can already make out roughly what some products could look like their exact visual appearance for now remain censored and hidden for our still undeserving eyes.

Gemstone metamaterial technology (or gem-gum-tec for short) is the far term target technology of atomically precise manufacturing.

Gem-gum-tec as a technological target point worth aiming for …

Introduction

This page will focus more on the products (artifacts of atomically precise technology)
rather the production devices (devices for atomically precise manufacturing)

Products

See main page: Products of gem-gum-tec
Also related: opportunities and dangers

Products of gemstome metamatrial technology use gemstone like compounds as base materials but
vastly change their mechanical and other properties through nanostructuring into gemstone based metamaterials.
For the fundamental nature of products of this technology see: Defining traits of gem-gum-tech.

Some expectable properties of this technology on the base materials side:

  • A giant slew on new materials with from today's perspective very weird and unexpected properties.
  • Way more materials that are suitable for outdoor usage exposed to rainwater and sun.
  • Materials with combinations of properties that are thought to be impossible today
    E.g. Super-thought super-elastic elastic scratch resistant and heat transparent metamaterials.
  • extremely low density yet robust materials allowing for (very speculative) aerial meshes.

Some expectable properties of this technology on the materials side (near surface):

  • extremely bright displays with a much wider color gamut than what's possible today (2023)
    also passive reflective-color displays with video capability
    holographic capabilities (in the physically accurate meaning)

Some expectable properties of this technology on the products side:

Some expectable properties of this technology on the production machinery side:

  • Super-fast and local recycling by disassembling stuff only to the reusable microcomponent level rather than individual atoms.
  • Many public terminals for a global microcomponent redistribution system
  • Larger scale systems may take the manufacturing chips along with them.
    Like e.g. "growing roads" or sparse-scaffold mega-structures in shipyards for the maritime sea and outer space.

Production devices (also a product)

See main page: Gemstone metamaterial on-chip factories

Artifacts (products) of in-vacuum gem-gum technology are manufactured via robotic atomically precise pick and place manipulation of molecule fragments of a size ranging from one to a few atoms each (piezochemical mechanosynthesis). This happens in an environment "filled" with practically perfect vacuum. Following are a number of assembly steps at increasingly larger size scales. Thesee are the assembly levels of convergent assembly.

Products are assembled in advanced productive nanosystems.
These gem-gum factories may come in various form factors. Most promising candidate at the moment are gemstone metamaterial on-chip factories with an appropriate design that employs convergent assembly.

Related

Terminology

Here in this wiki "gem-gum tech" used without a prefix:

  • shall always refer to this technology operating in vacuum "in-vacuum gem-gum tech". (PPV in a gem-gum housing shell)
  • shall not refer to "in-solvent gem-gum tech"
    (an eventual precursor technology)

About the chosen name for this kind of technology (meta)

"In-vacuum gemstone metamaterial technology" is a novel term introduced on this wiki (2017).

Alternative older terms had one or many of the following problems:

  • they didn't exclude unrelated topics well (far too general and wide in scope)
  • they didn't capture the most important aspects of the technology well
  • they weren't catchy memorable and useably short

This situation led to problems in form of confusion and conflict in the past.
Introduction of the new terms should in general be kept to a minimum.
But in this case the new term seems well motivated and thus justified.

Motivations for the name

The "gem-gum" part of the name represents two core ideas:

1) The core idea that even when one can mechanosynthesize almost nothing (just a few simple base materials) one can make almost anything by mechanical emulation. Mechanical metamaterials. "gum" is just a shorthand for a concrete example of such a metamaterial that rhymes on "gem" which makes memorization a lot easier. Also it's an concrete example that's rather un-intuitive. Rubber made from gemstone. Which could peak interest (click-bait effect).

2) The core idea that gradually increasing the stiffness of the materials one builds with is the ultimate key to advanced mechanosynthesis. The term "gem" (short for gemstone - obviously) points exclusively to the stiff base materials of the far term target technology. This explicitly excludes early stage atomically precise manufacturing such as "structural DNA nanotechnology" which has no positional atomic precision and would be mushed in with other terms.

The "in-vacuum" part of the name narrows down further to materials that can only be synthesized in practically perfect vacuum.

See main page: The defining traits of gem-gum-tec

Modifications of the name

On this wiki "Technology level III" may sometimes be used synonymously for in-vacuum gem-gum technology.

By leaving out the "in-vacuum" part of the name (leaving only "gem-gum-tec") one can precisely widen the scope to include one technology level below. Namely (In-solvent gem-gum technology).

An other term occasionally used on the wiki to refer to gem-gum-tec is "advanced atomically precise technology". In-liquid gem-gum-tec may or may not be included dependent on context.

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