Difference between revisions of "Atom placement frequency"
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For [[gemstone metamaterial on-chip factories]] to be able to put human scale objects together atom by atom in reasonable timespans they need to place atoms at mind boggling rates. | For [[gemstone metamaterial on-chip factories]] to be able to put human scale objects together atom by atom in reasonable timespans they need to place atoms at mind boggling rates. | ||
| − | == | + | == Compensating for a loss in parallelity == |
| + | |||
| + | When going from "normal" (solution phase) chemistry to the [[unnatural chemistry]] <br> | ||
| + | that [[piezochemical mechanosynthesis]] is than one has to deal with a loss of parallelism. <br> | ||
| + | To elaborate: | ||
'''In solution phase chemistry high throughputs are achieved via:''' | '''In solution phase chemistry high throughputs are achieved via:''' | ||
* massive spacial density of reaction locations (mixed dense liquides with many molecules in close contact) | * massive spacial density of reaction locations (mixed dense liquides with many molecules in close contact) | ||
| − | * massive temporal density (frequency) of reaction attempts (molecules bouncing into each other) – (For gaining an intuition see: [[The speed of atoms]]) | + | * massive temporal density (frequency) of reaction attempts (molecules bouncing into each other) <br>– (For gaining an intuition about how much bumping into each other down there actually is see: [[The speed of atoms]]) |
A countering effect is: | A countering effect is: | ||
* A low success rate per bump | * A low success rate per bump | ||
Revision as of 11:27, 17 June 2021
For gemstone metamaterial on-chip factories to be able to put human scale objects together atom by atom in reasonable timespans they need to place atoms at mind boggling rates.
Compensating for a loss in parallelity
When going from "normal" (solution phase) chemistry to the unnatural chemistry
that piezochemical mechanosynthesis is than one has to deal with a loss of parallelism.
To elaborate:
In solution phase chemistry high throughputs are achieved via:
- massive spacial density of reaction locations (mixed dense liquides with many molecules in close contact)
- massive temporal density (frequency) of reaction attempts (molecules bouncing into each other)
– (For gaining an intuition about how much bumping into each other down there actually is see: The speed of atoms)
A countering effect is:
- A low success rate per bump
In machine phase:
- spacial density is much more limited (due to the volume of the machinery needed to operate the tooltips) – Related: Fat finger problem
- temporal density is also more limited – See: Deliberate slowdown at the lowest assembly level
But making up for this big time is:
- An (extremely) high success rate per atom (or moiety) placement.
(wiki-TODO: Add a skech that is comparing spacial and temporal frequencies of natural and unnatural chemistry)
Example
Assuming f0 = 1MHz atom placement frequency per mechanosynthesis core how many cores (Ncore) does one need to reach the desired throughput of Q0 = 1kg/h ?
Ncore = Q0 / (mC * f0) = ~1.4*1015 cores (about an 1.4 Petacore system). (mC … mass of carbon atom.)
A core size of ~(32nm)3 = ~32000(nm3) seems to be a sensible guess for advanced APM systems.
All the cores together then take a volume of size ~45(mm3) = ~ 45microliters.
This can be spread out plenty to remove high levels of waste heat.
The effective atom placement frequency in this system is f0*Ncore = 1.4*1021 atoms per second (1.4ZHz – quite mind boggling) (>> 109 Atoms/second).
Early mechanosynthetic systems will be several orders of magnitude lower in throughput though.
- They will have low temporal placement frequency
- they may be only two dimensional
- but they'll be already massively parallel
Related
Nanosystems chapter 8 Mechanosynthesis
=> 8.3. Solution-phase synthesis and mechanosynthesis
=> 8.3.2.a. Basic constraints imposed by mechanosynthesis
=> 8.3.2.a. Loss of natural parallelism
