Difference between revisions of "Atom placement frequency"
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== Example == | == Example == | ||
| − | Assuming f<sub>0</sub> = 1MHz atom placement frequency per [[mechanosynthesis core]] how many cores (N<sub>core</sub>) does one need to reach the desired throughput of Q<sub>0</sub> = 1kg/h ? <br> | + | Assuming f<sub>0</sub> = '''1MHz''' atom placement frequency per [[mechanosynthesis core]] how many cores (N<sub>core</sub>) does one need to reach the desired throughput of Q<sub>0</sub> = '''1kg/h''' ? <br> |
N<sub>core</sub> = Q<sub>0</sub> / (m<sub>C</sub> * f<sub>0</sub>) = ~1.4*10<sup>15</sup> cores (about an '''1.4 Petacore system'''). (m<sub>C</sub> … mass of carbon atom.) <br> | N<sub>core</sub> = Q<sub>0</sub> / (m<sub>C</sub> * f<sub>0</sub>) = ~1.4*10<sup>15</sup> cores (about an '''1.4 Petacore system'''). (m<sub>C</sub> … mass of carbon atom.) <br> | ||
A core size of ~(32nm)<sup>3</sup> = ~32000(nm<sup>3</sup>) seems to be a sensible guess for advanced APM systems. <br> | A core size of ~(32nm)<sup>3</sup> = ~32000(nm<sup>3</sup>) seems to be a sensible guess for advanced APM systems. <br> | ||
| − | All the cores together then take a volume of size ~45(mm<sup>3</sup>) = ~ 45microliters. <br> | + | '''All the cores together then take a volume of size ~45(mm<sup>3</sup>)''' = ~ 45microliters. <br> |
| − | This can be spread out plenty to remove high levels of waste heat. <br> The effective atom placement frequency in this system is f<sub>0</sub>*N<sub>core</sub> = 1.4*10<sup>21</sup> atoms per second (1.4ZHz – quite mind boggling) (>> 10<sup>9</sup> Atoms/second). <br> | + | This can be spread out plenty to remove high levels of waste heat. <br> The effective atom placement frequency in this system is f<sub>0</sub>*N<sub>core</sub> = 1.4*10<sup>21</sup> atoms per second (1.4ZHz – '''1.4 Zettahertz''' – quite mind boggling) (>> 10<sup>9</sup> Atoms/second). <br> |
Early mechanosynthetic systems will be several orders of magnitude lower in throughput though. | Early mechanosynthetic systems will be several orders of magnitude lower in throughput though. | ||
Revision as of 11:34, 17 June 2021
For gemstone metamaterial on-chip factories to be able to put human scale objects together atom by atom in reasonable timespans they need to place atoms at mind boggling rates.
Compensating for a loss in parallelity
When going from "normal" (solution phase) chemistry to the unnatural chemistry
that piezochemical mechanosynthesis is than one has to deal with a loss of parallelism.
To elaborate:
In solution phase chemistry high throughputs are achieved via:
- massive spacial density of reaction locations (mixed dense liquides with many molecules in close contact)
- massive temporal density (frequency) of reaction attempts (molecules bouncing into each other)
– (For gaining an intuition about how much bumping into each other down there actually is see: The speed of atoms)
A countering effect is:
- A low success rate per bump
In machine phase:
- spacial density is much more limited (due to the volume of the machinery needed to operate the tooltips) – Related: Fat finger problem
- temporal density is also more limited – See: Deliberate slowdown at the lowest assembly level
But making up for this big time is:
- An (extremely) high success rate per atom (or moiety) placement.
Fortunately when running the numbers in the end this works out nicely.
(wiki-TODO: Add a skech that is comparing spacial and temporal frequencies of natural and unnatural chemistry)
Example
Assuming f0 = 1MHz atom placement frequency per mechanosynthesis core how many cores (Ncore) does one need to reach the desired throughput of Q0 = 1kg/h ?
Ncore = Q0 / (mC * f0) = ~1.4*1015 cores (about an 1.4 Petacore system). (mC … mass of carbon atom.)
A core size of ~(32nm)3 = ~32000(nm3) seems to be a sensible guess for advanced APM systems.
All the cores together then take a volume of size ~45(mm3) = ~ 45microliters.
This can be spread out plenty to remove high levels of waste heat.
The effective atom placement frequency in this system is f0*Ncore = 1.4*1021 atoms per second (1.4ZHz – 1.4 Zettahertz – quite mind boggling) (>> 109 Atoms/second).
Early mechanosynthetic systems will be several orders of magnitude lower in throughput though.
- They will have low temporal placement frequency
- they may be only two dimensional
- but they'll be already massively parallel
Related
Nanosystems chapter 8 Mechanosynthesis
=> 8.3. Solution-phase synthesis and mechanosynthesis
=> 8.3.2.a. Basic constraints imposed by mechanosynthesis
=> 8.3.2.a. Loss of natural parallelism
