Difference between revisions of "Molecule fragment"

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Moieties are the smallest building blocks handeded in the advanced [[mechanosynthesis]] of [[technology level III]] and [[technology level II|II]].
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Molecule fragments also called '''moieties''' are the smallest building blocks handeded in the advanced [[mechanosynthesis]] of [[technology level III]] and [[technology level II|II]].
When a '''simple resource molecule''' is picked up with an empty tooltip one always ends up with a few atoms on the tooltip.
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When a '''[[resource molecule|simple resource molecule]]''' is picked up with an empty tooltip one always ends up with a few atoms on the tooltip.
 
Some bonds need to be broken open to make it a reactive radical ready for deposition.
 
Some bonds need to be broken open to make it a reactive radical ready for deposition.
 
It is generally not necessary to prepare the picked up molecule down until only one atom is left.
 
It is generally not necessary to prepare the picked up molecule down until only one atom is left.
 
That is in most cases one does not put down single atoms but small moieties (always bond molecules). Most often unused bonds are left hydrogen capped and and only one or two bonds are actively used - the one to the tooltip and the one to the workpiece. Hydrogen and oxygen with one and two bonds respectively are subject for single atomic deposition. The heavier elements of the same groups - the halogenes calcogenes - too.
 
That is in most cases one does not put down single atoms but small moieties (always bond molecules). Most often unused bonds are left hydrogen capped and and only one or two bonds are actively used - the one to the tooltip and the one to the workpiece. Hydrogen and oxygen with one and two bonds respectively are subject for single atomic deposition. The heavier elements of the same groups - the halogenes calcogenes - too.
  
== simple respurce molecules ==
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== Related ==
  
For [[mechanosynthesis]] of diamond '''ethyne C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> methane CH<sub>4</sub>''' and traces of digermane '''Ge<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>''' can be used. This has been toroughly analyzed.
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* [[Tooltip chemistry]]
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* Etymology of "moiety" [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moiety (leave to wiktionary)]
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* [[Resource molecules]]
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* Molecule fragments could be called the smallest physically possible building components. <br>For components at different size scales see: [[Components]]
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* [[Highly polycyclic small molecule]]
  
Further molecules of prime interest are '''[[Mechanosynthetic carbon dioxide splitting|carbon dioxide CO<sub>2</sub>]] [[Mechanosynthetic water splitting|water H<sub>2</sub>O]] and nitrogen gas N<sub>2</sub>'''.
 
The capability of handling those allows for tapping the [[air as a resource]] for products that (almost) exclusively contain [[diamondoid molecular elements]] out of hydrogen carbon oxygen and nitrogen (HCON).
 
 
From the metals Aluminum and Titanium would be of interest.
 
 
Resource molecules for other elements should preferentially be non or at least low toxic and easy to handle.
 
* for boron: B<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diborane diborane] is toxic and reacts with water to <br> B(OH)<sub>3</sub> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boric_acid#Toxicology boric acid] which is pretty harmless and thus a better resource
 
* for fluorine: SF<sub>6</sub> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_hexafluoride sulfur hexafluoride] very heavy pretty inert gas, soluble in ethanol <br> the sulfur can be used ore disposed as diluted sulfuric acid
 
* for aluminum: ?
 
* for silicon: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicic_acid silicic acid] self polymerizes and is thus not suitable <br> SiH<sub>4</sub> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silane] seems better but it's quite toxic, higher silans tend to be explosive
 
* for phosphorus: PH<sub>3</sub> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphine phosphine] seems too toxic <br>  H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>P [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoric_acid phosphoric acid] seems good
 
 
* for chlorine: dissolved table salt NaCl - or diluted hydrochloric acid
 
 
= Sources for sulfur =
 
 
== of main interest ==
 
 
* ammonium sulfate (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_sulfate wikipedia]) - pro: waste nitrogen can go to atmosphere, massively available - con: explosive in dry form
 
* methylsulfonylmethane C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S- ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylsulfonylmethane wikipedia]) - pro: non toxic - con: carries carbon too
 
* sulfuric acid H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid wikipedia]) - pro: massively available - con: acidity
 
 
== maybe interesting ==
 
 
* carbon disulfide CS<sub>2</sub> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_disulfide (wikipedia)] - soluble in ethanol - con: toxic
 
* hydrogen sulfide H2S, sulfur dioxide SO2, sulfur trioxide SO3 - all too dangerous and toxic
 
* syn-Propanethial-S-oxide C3H6OS ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syn-Propanethial-S-oxide wikipedia]) - irritant expelled by cut onions
 
* diallyl trisulfide C6H10S3 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diallyl_trisulfide wikipedia]) - main component of garlic oil
 
* dimethyl trisulfide C2H6S3 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_trisulfide wikipedia])
 
* thioacetic acid C2H4OS ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioacetic_acid wikipedia])
 
* methanesulfonic acid CH3SO3H ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanesulfonic_acid wikipedia]), ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesylate wikipedia])
 
  
  

Latest revision as of 11:04, 18 September 2022

Molecule fragments also called moieties are the smallest building blocks handeded in the advanced mechanosynthesis of technology level III and II. When a simple resource molecule is picked up with an empty tooltip one always ends up with a few atoms on the tooltip. Some bonds need to be broken open to make it a reactive radical ready for deposition. It is generally not necessary to prepare the picked up molecule down until only one atom is left. That is in most cases one does not put down single atoms but small moieties (always bond molecules). Most often unused bonds are left hydrogen capped and and only one or two bonds are actively used - the one to the tooltip and the one to the workpiece. Hydrogen and oxygen with one and two bonds respectively are subject for single atomic deposition. The heavier elements of the same groups - the halogenes calcogenes - too.

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