Difference between revisions of "Salts of oxoacids"
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* [[Calcite]] Mohs 3 (defining mineral) & Aragonite Mohs 3.5-4 - calcium | * [[Calcite]] Mohs 3 (defining mineral) & Aragonite Mohs 3.5-4 - calcium | ||
* Magnesite Mohs 3.5-4.5 - magnesium | * Magnesite Mohs 3.5-4.5 - magnesium | ||
| − | * | + | * CaMg'''(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>''' Dolomite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomite_(mineral)] – Mohs 3.5-4 – Trigonal Rhombohedral |
* Siderite - iron | * Siderite - iron | ||
* Smithsonite - zinc | * Smithsonite - zinc | ||
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* ... | * ... | ||
* Mg<sub>3</sub>Ca'''(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>''' huntite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntite] Mohs 1-2 (very soft!) | * Mg<sub>3</sub>Ca'''(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>''' huntite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntite] Mohs 1-2 (very soft!) | ||
| − | * Pb'''CO<sub>3</sub>''' | + | * Pb'''CO<sub>3</sub>''' Cerussite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerussite] Mohs 3-3.5 (soft) |
== Sulfate minerals == | == Sulfate minerals == | ||
Revision as of 14:04, 21 June 2021
The X-O-X bonds present in those compounds increase the space between the spacially linking X atoms. This lead to a lower density of bonds in cross sections inclusion of bigger voids thus higher porousity. Due to the porousness of these compounds it is harder to get the surfaces flat - figuratively like the surface of a pumice stone. It's impossible to get them as smooth as passivated diamond. [todo: investigate wheter superlubricating bearings can be constructed from these types of diamondoid compounds]
Contents
Silicates (& Quartz)
Not exactly a salt but related ...
- PbCa3Zn4(SiO4)4 esperite [1] Mohs 5-5.5 (unabundant zinc | exceptionally hard lead mineral) Specific gravity: 4.28-4.42
Phosphate minerals
- Especially interesting: Hydoxy- Fluor- & Clorapatite Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) - (Mohs 5 defining mineral) - a biomineral [2]
- Lazulite (wikipedia) & Scorzalite (wikipedia) magnesium iron aluminium phosphates - (Mohs 5.5-6)
- Phosphophyllite (wikipedia) - zinc iron phosphate - rather soft (Mohs 3.5)
- Pb5(PO4)3Cl pyromorphite (wikipedia) - relatively hard for a lead mineral (Mohs 3.5)
- Y(PO4) Xenotime (wikipedia) - rare yttrium - high symmetry (tetragonal) - (Mohs 4.5)
- Al2(PO4)(OH)3 augelite [3] Mohs 4-4.5
- FePO4 heterosite Wikipedia:Heterosit(de) Mohs 4-4.5
- MnPO4 purpurite [4] Mohs 4-5 (unabundant manganese)
- (MgFe)2PO4F magnesium and iron wagnerite [5] Mohs (?)
- FeAl2(PO4)2 anhydous iron scorzalite [6] Mohs 6
- MgAl2(PO4)2 anhydous magnesium scorzalite Mohs 6
- Zn2Fe(PO4)2•4H2O phosphophyllite [7] Mohs 3.5 (soft)
Carbonate minerals
(wikipedia - minerals) (wikipedia - artificial)
- Calcite Mohs 3 (defining mineral) & Aragonite Mohs 3.5-4 - calcium
- Magnesite Mohs 3.5-4.5 - magnesium
- CaMg(CO3)2 Dolomite [8] – Mohs 3.5-4 – Trigonal Rhombohedral
- Siderite - iron
- Smithsonite - zinc
- Malachite & Azurite - copper
- Rhodochrosite - manganese (rare)
- ...
- Mg3Ca(CO3)4 huntite [9] Mohs 1-2 (very soft!)
- PbCO3 Cerussite [10] Mohs 3-3.5 (soft)
Sulfate minerals
Sulfate minerals are generally rather soft with few exceptions.
One of the harder ones is brochantite (wikipedia) - (Mohs 3.5-4)
- CaSO4 anhydrite [11] (decomposes slowly to hydroxyde gypsum)
Borate minerals
- Mg3B7O13Cl Boracite (wikipedia) - (Mohs 7-7.5)
- Mn3B7O13Cl Chambersite (wikipedia) - (Mohs 7)
- Al6B5O15(F,OH)3 Jeremejevite (wikipedia) - (Mohs 6.5-7.5)
- Mg7(BO3)3(OH)4Cl Karlite (wikipedia) - (Mohs 5½)
- Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 Howlite (wikipedia) - soft (Mohs 3.5)
- MnSn(BO3)2 Tusionite (wikipedia) - (Mohs 5-6) - tin
- CaZrAl9O15(BO3) Painite (wikipedia) - rare zirconium (Mohs 8)
- ...
Nitrate Aluminate and other minerals
All rather water soluble. See: (wikipedia - minerals) (wikipedia - artificial)
Aluminates: (wikipedia)
Related
External links
- Solubility chart: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_chart
