Difference between revisions of "Salts of oxoacids"
(→Sulfate minerals) |
(→Phosphate minerals: augelite) |
||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
* Pb<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Cl pyromorphite [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyromorphite (wikipedia)] - relatively hard for a lead mineral (Mohs 3.5) | * Pb<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Cl pyromorphite [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyromorphite (wikipedia)] - relatively hard for a lead mineral (Mohs 3.5) | ||
* YPO<sub>4</sub> Xenotime [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenotime (wikipedia)] - rare yttrium - high symmetry (tetragonal) - (Mohs 4.5) | * YPO<sub>4</sub> Xenotime [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenotime (wikipedia)] - rare yttrium - high symmetry (tetragonal) - (Mohs 4.5) | ||
| + | * Al<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)(OH)<sub>3</sub> augelite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augelite] Mohs 4-4.5 | ||
== Carbonate minerals == | == Carbonate minerals == | ||
Revision as of 12:04, 20 December 2015
The X-O-X bonds present in those compounds increase the space between the spacially linking X atoms. This lead to a lower density of bonds in cross sections inclusion of bigger voids thus higher porousity. Due to the porousness of these compounds it is harder to get the surfaces flat - figuratively like the surface of a pumice stone. It's impossible to get them as smooth as passivated diamond. [todo: investigate wheter supralubricating bearings can be constructed from these types of diamondoid compounds]
Contents
Silicates (& Quartz)
Not exactly a salt but related ...
Phosphate minerals
- Especially interesting: Hydoxy- Fluor- & Clorapatite Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) - (Mohs 5 defining mineral) - a biomineral [1]
- Lazulite (wikipedia) & Scorzalite (wikipedia) magnesium iron aluminium phosphates - (Mohs 5.5-6)
- Phosphophyllite (wikipedia) - zinc iron phosphate - rather soft (Mohs 3.5)
- Pb5(PO4)3Cl pyromorphite (wikipedia) - relatively hard for a lead mineral (Mohs 3.5)
- YPO4 Xenotime (wikipedia) - rare yttrium - high symmetry (tetragonal) - (Mohs 4.5)
- Al2(PO4)(OH)3 augelite [2] Mohs 4-4.5
Carbonate minerals
(wikipedia - minerals) (wikipedia - artificial)
- Calcite & Aragonite - calcium
- Magnesite - magnesium
- Siderite - iron
- Smithsonite - zinc
- Malachite & Azurite - copper
- Rhodochrosite - manganese (rare)
- ...
Sulfate minerals
Sulfate minerals are generally rather soft with few exceptions.
One of the harder ones is brochantite (wikipedia) - (Mohs 3.5-4)
- CaSO4 anhydrite [3] (decomposes slowly to hydroxyde gypsum)
Borate minerals
- Mg3B7O13Cl Boracite (wikipedia) - (Mohs 7-7.5)
- Mn3B7O13Cl Chambersite (wikipedia) - (Mohs 7)
- Al6B5O15(F,OH)3 Jeremejevite (wikipedia) - (Mohs 6.5-7.5)
- Mg7(BO3)3(OH)4Cl Karlite (wikipedia) - (Mohs 5½)
- Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 Howlite (wikipedia) - soft (Mohs 3.5)
- MnSn(BO3)2 Tusionite (wikipedia) - (Mohs 5-6) - tin
- CaZrAl9O15(BO3) Painite (wikipedia) - rare zirconium (Mohs 8)
- ...
Nitrate Aluminate and other minerals
All rather water soluble. See: (wikipedia - minerals) (wikipedia - artificial)
Aluminates: (wikipedia)
External links
- Solubility chart: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_chart
