Difference between revisions of "Binary gem-like compound"
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* titanium sulphides [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium%28II%29_sulfide TiS] (goldbrown), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_disulfide TiS<sub>2</sub>] (bronze/golden yellow), Ti<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> (black,graphitic), TiS<sub>3</sub>, Ti<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>, Ti<sub>4</sub>S<sub>5</sub>, Ti<sub>4</sub>S<sub>8</sub>, Ti<sub>8</sub>S<sub>9</sub> | * titanium sulphides [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium%28II%29_sulfide TiS] (goldbrown), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_disulfide TiS<sub>2</sub>] (bronze/golden yellow), Ti<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> (black,graphitic), TiS<sub>3</sub>, Ti<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>, Ti<sub>4</sub>S<sub>5</sub>, Ti<sub>4</sub>S<sub>8</sub>, Ti<sub>8</sub>S<sub>9</sub> | ||
* TiO<sub>2</sub> Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> titanium oxide polymorphs: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutile rutile] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatase anatase] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookite brookite] | * TiO<sub>2</sub> Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> titanium oxide polymorphs: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutile rutile] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatase anatase] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookite brookite] | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Passivation layer minerals of todays industrial metals == | ||
| + | |||
| + | We do have daily skin contact with these minerals witout even realizing it. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * aluminum ... | ||
| + | * titanium ... | ||
| + | * zinc ... | ||
| + | * tin ... | ||
| + | * copper ... | ||
| + | * nickle ... | ||
| + | * chromium ... | ||
| + | * vanadium,niobium ... | ||
==binary compounds which very slowly dissolve in water and are thought to be rather nontoxic== | ==binary compounds which very slowly dissolve in water and are thought to be rather nontoxic== | ||
Revision as of 14:42, 12 February 2015
binary compounds that do not react or dissolve in water
- SiC silicon carbide mossanite - transparent when pure
- B4C boron carbide
- SiB4; SiB6 ? silicon boride
- AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride - hard
- β-C3N4 beta carbon nitride (possibly a health hazard if cyanide release can occur - to investigate)
- Si3N4 silicon nitride
- cubic BN cubic boron nitride - very similar to diamond (also cubic and hexagonal "allotropes")
- BP boron phosphide - transparent and chemically very stable
- CaB6 calcium hexaboride - non water soluble earth alkali compound which is uncommon - irritating
- SiO2 quartz (it's actually slightly water soluble) & allotropes like dense and hard stishovite
- Tectosilicates: [1] [2]
- Al2O3 aluminum oxide aka corundum or sapphire
- Fe3C iron carbide aka cementite
- iron silicides & iron borides ? - unknown properties
- FeS2 FeS iron sulfides - pyrite and marcasite ...
- Fe2O3 hämatite
- Fe3O4 magnetite
- FeO wüstite
- Cu3P copper(I) phosphide (copper is not too abundant)
- CuXSY copper sulfides CuS covellite, Cu2S chalcocite, many more ...
- B6O boron suboxide (hardest known oxide)
Theres is a big stable group of B-C-N compounds, a few aluminum (Al2O3,AlB) and few silicon (SiC,SiO2,N4Si3) compounds.
There seem to be no binary iron minerals that have hardness above mohs 6.5
Titanium forms chemically and mechanically rather stable compounds with many nonmetals.
- TiC titanium carbide
- TiSi2 titanium disilicide (unknown mechanical properties ?)
- TiB2 titanium diboride
- TiN titanium nitride
- TiP titanium(III) phoshide (metallic conductivity)
- titanium sulphides TiS (goldbrown), TiS2 (bronze/golden yellow), Ti2S3 (black,graphitic), TiS3, Ti3S4, Ti4S5, Ti4S8, Ti8S9
- TiO2 Ti2O3 titanium oxide polymorphs: rutile anatase brookite
Passivation layer minerals of todays industrial metals
We do have daily skin contact with these minerals witout even realizing it.
- aluminum ...
- titanium ...
- zinc ...
- tin ...
- copper ...
- nickle ...
- chromium ...
- vanadium,niobium ...
binary compounds which very slowly dissolve in water and are thought to be rather nontoxic
Solubility is good for an envirounmental viewpoint (decay time of abandoned scrap material) but bad for engineering materials. Especially in nanosystems the slightes bit of dissolvation completely destroys the outermost layer of nanomachinery. This makes sealing of products and high system reduncancy even more necessary than it is when more stable materials are used.
- Al4C3 aluminum carbide - hydrolyses to aluminum hydroxide and methane
- AlN aluminum nitride - oxidizes in air @ room temperature (layer <= 10nm) - hydrolyzes slowly in water to aluminum oxide and ammonia
- S2N2 disulfur dinitride shock sensitive - decomposes explosively above 30°
- S4N4 tetrasulfur tetranitride explosive decomposition to nitrogen and sulfur 4N2 + S8
- (SN)X polythiazyl - conductive inorganic polyner chain
- P the allotropes of elementar phosphorus
- S the allotropes of elementar sulfur
simplest most water stable compounds of abundant alkaline eart metals
- MgO periclase also magnesium oxide aka magnesia very low but nonzero water solubility
- MgO2 magnesium peroxide irritant, environmentally persistent
- CaS calcium sulfite decomposes with water to calcium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide gas - oldhamite end member
- MgB2 magnesium diboride (high temperature superconductor)
- CaB2 calcium diboride ??
most water stable solid fluorides from abundant metals
- TiF3 titanium fluoride
- MgF2 magnesium fluoride aka sellaide
- CaF2 calcium fluoride aka fluorite
