Difference between revisions of "Increasing bearing area to decrease friction"
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(Created page with " Unlike friction in macroscale bearings, <br> friction in atomically precise diamondoid slide bearings ... * is dominated by dynamic friction <br>(which scales quadratica...") |
(→Related: added Higher bearing surface area of smaller machinery) |
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| − | + | Friction in [[atomically precise diamondoid slide bearing]]s ... | |
| − | + | * is dominated by dynamic friction <br>which scales quadratically with speed: <br>1/2x speed => 1/4x friction | 1/10x speed => 1/100x friction | |
| − | + | ||
| − | * is dominated by dynamic friction <br> | + | |
* is proportional to the bearing area (2x area => 2x friction) | * is proportional to the bearing area (2x area => 2x friction) | ||
| + | For details see: [[Friction]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | Side-note: <br> | ||
| + | Low speed friction in macroscale bearings is quite different as it is <br> | ||
| + | speed independent, area independent, load dependent. | ||
== The trick == | == The trick == | ||
| Line 10: | Line 13: | ||
* Halving speed and | * Halving speed and | ||
* doubling machinery | * doubling machinery | ||
| − | + | (this keeps the total throughput constant) leads to | |
* quartering friction losses due to reduced bearing speed | * quartering friction losses due to reduced bearing speed | ||
* doubling friction losses due to increased bearing area | * doubling friction losses due to increased bearing area | ||
| Line 16: | Line 19: | ||
'''Q:''' But isn't doubling the amount of machinery a problem? <br> | '''Q:''' But isn't doubling the amount of machinery a problem? <br> | ||
| − | '''A:''' No! | + | '''A:''' No! There is exceptionally little machinery needed to <br> |
| − | There is | + | |
get practical levels of throughput (aka product production rate). <br> | get practical levels of throughput (aka product production rate). <br> | ||
| − | This is to the [[scaling law]] of [[higher throughput of smaller machinery]]. | + | This is due to the [[scaling law]] of [[higher throughput of smaller machinery]]. |
| + | |||
| + | === Math === | ||
| + | |||
| + | * P … (wearless) frictive losses – in W | ||
| + | * A … bearing area – in m² | ||
| + | * n … number of [[sub layers]] – an integer | ||
| + | * v … speed of assembly … in m/s | ||
| + | * gamma … dynamic friction coefficient – W/(m²*(m/s)²) | ||
| + | |||
| + | <math> P = \gamma A n v^2 </math> <br> | ||
| + | Applying the trick: <br> | ||
| + | <math> P' = \gamma A (x n) (v/x)^2 </math> <br> | ||
| + | <math> P' = \gamma A n v^2 /x </math> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Related: [[Compenslow]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | This has limits though! | ||
== Limits to the trick == | == Limits to the trick == | ||
| Line 29: | Line 48: | ||
At some point assembly motions reach become similarly slow as the assembly motions. <br> | At some point assembly motions reach become similarly slow as the assembly motions. <br> | ||
| − | At this point adding further [[sub- | + | At this point adding further [[sub-layer]]s there is no further reduction of frictive losses but rather frictive losses ride again. (eventually linearly). |
== Applications cases == | == Applications cases == | ||
| Line 38: | Line 57: | ||
== Related == | == Related == | ||
| + | * '''[[Optimal sublayernumber for minimal friction]]''' | ||
| + | * '''[[Deliberate slowdown at the lowest assembly level]]''' | ||
* [[Friction]], [[Superlubricity]] | * [[Friction]], [[Superlubricity]] | ||
* [[Infinitesimal bearings]] | * [[Infinitesimal bearings]] | ||
* [[Higher throughput of smaller machinery]] | * [[Higher throughput of smaller machinery]] | ||
| + | * [[Mesoscale friction]] | ||
| + | * [[Higher bearing surface area of smaller machinery]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:51, 13 October 2022
Friction in atomically precise diamondoid slide bearings ...
- is dominated by dynamic friction
which scales quadratically with speed:
1/2x speed => 1/4x friction | 1/10x speed => 1/100x friction - is proportional to the bearing area (2x area => 2x friction)
For details see: Friction
Side-note:
Low speed friction in macroscale bearings is quite different as it is
speed independent, area independent, load dependent.
The trick
This allows for a neat trick:
- Halving speed and
- doubling machinery
(this keeps the total throughput constant) leads to
- quartering friction losses due to reduced bearing speed
- doubling friction losses due to increased bearing area
Overall a halving of friction.
Q: But isn't doubling the amount of machinery a problem?
A: No! There is exceptionally little machinery needed to
get practical levels of throughput (aka product production rate).
This is due to the scaling law of higher throughput of smaller machinery.
Math
- P … (wearless) frictive losses – in W
- A … bearing area – in m²
- n … number of sub layers – an integer
- v … speed of assembly … in m/s
- gamma … dynamic friction coefficient – W/(m²*(m/s)²)
[math] P = \gamma A n v^2 [/math]
Applying the trick:
[math] P' = \gamma A (x n) (v/x)^2 [/math]
[math] P' = \gamma A n v^2 /x [/math]
Related: Compenslow
This has limits though!
Limits to the trick
See math on main page: Limits to lower friction despite higher bearing area
- assembly motions can be slowed down by adding more sub layers.
- transport motions can not be slowed by adding more sub layers.
At some point assembly motions reach become similarly slow as the assembly motions.
At this point adding further sub-layers there is no further reduction of frictive losses but rather frictive losses ride again. (eventually linearly).
Applications cases
- This can be applied in the design of gem-gum on-chip factories to
optimize thickness of assembly layers of gem-gum factories
or just to get estimates for likely system geometries - This is the theoretical basis for infinitesimal bearings.
