Difference between revisions of "Combining advantages of different selfassembly technologies"
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[[File:Foldamer-printer-stiffness-adapters 2.svg|thumb|right|500px|'''Left:''' Adding small inserts that can be made stiffer in a lower stiffness background framework that can be made bigger. '''Right:''' Application of such a combining of self-assembly technologies technology demonstrated in the context of the [[foldamer printer]] concept.]] | [[File:Foldamer-printer-stiffness-adapters 2.svg|thumb|right|500px|'''Left:''' Adding small inserts that can be made stiffer in a lower stiffness background framework that can be made bigger. '''Right:''' Application of such a combining of self-assembly technologies technology demonstrated in the context of the [[foldamer printer]] concept.]] | ||
| − | [[Structural DNA nanotechnology]] (SDN) has: | + | == Comparison of pros & cons of different self-assembly and synthetic technologies == |
| + | |||
| + | '''[[Structural DNA nanotechnology]] (SDN)''' has: | ||
* High [[termination control]] (and lots of [[site addressability]]) but | * High [[termination control]] (and lots of [[site addressability]]) but | ||
* Low [[stiffness]] (and large [[lattice spacing]]) | * Low [[stiffness]] (and large [[lattice spacing]]) | ||
| − | [[Structural de-novo protein nanotechnology]] (SPN) has: | + | '''[[Structural de-novo protein nanotechnology]] (SPN)''' has: |
| − | * Low [[termination control]] (and rather minimal [[site | + | * Low [[termination control]] (and rather minimal [[site addressabbility]]) but |
* High [[stiffness]] (and small [[lattice spacing]]) | * High [[stiffness]] (and small [[lattice spacing]]) | ||
| − | [[Spiroligomers]] and other highly | + | '''[[Spiroligomers]] and other [[highly polycyclic small molecule]]s''': |
| − | * Are limited in size and structure by the limits of chemical synthesis. | + | * Are limited in size and structure by [[the limits of chemical synthesis]]. |
* Have very high [[stiffness]] (lattice does not apply) | * Have very high [[stiffness]] (lattice does not apply) | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Further subdivision for de-novo peptides synthesis technologies === | ||
| + | |||
| + | De-novo proteins can be synthesized: | ||
| + | * either by employing the machinery of living cells | ||
| + | * or by doing the synthesis fully synthetically (abiotically) | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Biotically synthesized long peptides (aka proteins):''' | ||
| + | * pro: longer chainlengths are possible | ||
| + | * con: limited range of side-chains possible <br> Basically the amino-acids and a bit more by some nontrivial difficult tricks. | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Abiotically syntehiszed pepides (more expensive)''' | ||
| + | * con: only short chainlengths are possible | ||
| + | * pro: all sorts of exotic side-chains are possible to be added. <br> Heck even exotic foldamers with other backbones are theoretically possible. | ||
== Limits when used alone == | == Limits when used alone == | ||
| − | Using SDN alone one | + | '''Using SDN alone''' one ... |
* can build bigger frameworks with reaonable engineering like geometry | * can build bigger frameworks with reaonable engineering like geometry | ||
* cannot achive [[positional assembly]] capabilites sufficient for materials that require [[positional atomic precision]] | * cannot achive [[positional assembly]] capabilites sufficient for materials that require [[positional atomic precision]] | ||
| − | Using SPN alone one | + | '''Using SPN alone''' one ... |
* cannot (yet) build bigger frameworks with reasonable engineering like geometry (that terminate in selfassembly controlledly!) | * cannot (yet) build bigger frameworks with reasonable engineering like geometry (that terminate in selfassembly controlledly!) | ||
* can perhaps achieve sufficient stiffness for [[positional assembly]] capabilities sufficient for materials that require [[positional atomic precision]] | * can perhaps achieve sufficient stiffness for [[positional assembly]] capabilities sufficient for materials that require [[positional atomic precision]] | ||
| − | Using spiroligomers alone one | + | '''Using spiroligomers alone''' one ... |
* cannot build really big frameworks at all | * cannot build really big frameworks at all | ||
* can most likely achieve sufficient stiffness for [[positional atomic precision]] | * can most likely achieve sufficient stiffness for [[positional atomic precision]] | ||
| Line 31: | Line 46: | ||
== How to combine them == | == How to combine them == | ||
| − | + | To get both | |
| − | * stiffest smallest small molecules into | + | * sufficient [[termination control]] and [[site addressability]] and |
| − | * smaller stiffer self-assemblies (de-novo proteins – SPN) into | + | * sufficient [[stiffness]] for eventual [[positional atomic precision]] |
| − | * larger less stiff self-assemblies (DNA structures – SDN) | + | at the same time as soon as possible <br> |
| + | one perhaps viable strategy might be to insert: | ||
| + | * (1) stiffest smallest small molecules into | ||
| + | * (2) smaller stiffer self-assemblies (de-novo proteins – SPN) into | ||
| + | * (3) larger less stiff self-assemblies (DNA structures – SDN) | ||
Tracing the [[kinematic loop]] from workpiece over frame across actuators over frame to tooltip: <br> | Tracing the [[kinematic loop]] from workpiece over frame across actuators over frame to tooltip: <br> | ||
At all the interfaces the stiffness-per-area times area product must be sufficient. <br> | At all the interfaces the stiffness-per-area times area product must be sufficient. <br> | ||
| − | This allows for a softer frame while still retaining sufficiently high stiffness at the critical spots | + | This allows for a softer frame while still retaining sufficiently high stiffness at the critical spots |
| − | + | '''As a further subdivision to the middle step (2) from above:''' | |
| + | * integrate small abiotically synthesized peptides (with exotic high stiffness small molecule side-chains attached) | ||
| + | * into big biotically synthesized stiff de-novo proteins (which are much more limited in possible side chains). | ||
| − | Stiffness of [[structural DNA | + | == Side-notes == |
| + | |||
| + | === There is no positional atomic precision in SDN – likely === | ||
| + | |||
| + | Stiffness of [[structural DNA nanotechnology]] in fact is so, that <br> | ||
there likely is only [[topological atomic precision]] possible and not [[positional atomic precision]]. <br> | there likely is only [[topological atomic precision]] possible and not [[positional atomic precision]]. <br> | ||
There have been experiments that have shown subatomic precision, but only in statistical average <br> | There have been experiments that have shown subatomic precision, but only in statistical average <br> | ||
{{wikitodo|investigate more closely & add reference}} | {{wikitodo|investigate more closely & add reference}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Alternative approaches === | ||
| + | |||
| + | There is a way to place atoms to [[positional atomic precision]] <br> | ||
| + | without achieving positional atomic precision in the [[positional assembly]] of the placement mechanism. <br> | ||
| + | The gist is self centering of pre-built blocks with a higher latent internal precision than the precision of the placement mechanism.<br> | ||
| + | For details see main page: [[Bootstrapping atomic precision]] | ||
== Related == | == Related == | ||
| − | |||
* [[Fat finger problem]] | * [[Fat finger problem]] | ||
| + | * stiffness-per-area also callable area-specific-stiffness | ||
| + | * [[Lattice scaled stiffness]] | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | * [[Modular molecular composite nanosystem]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:25, 27 June 2023
Left: Adding small inserts that can be made stiffer in a lower stiffness background framework that can be made bigger. Right: Application of such a combining of self-assembly technologies technology demonstrated in the context of the foldamer printer concept.
Contents
Comparison of pros & cons of different self-assembly and synthetic technologies
Structural DNA nanotechnology (SDN) has:
- High termination control (and lots of site addressability) but
- Low stiffness (and large lattice spacing)
Structural de-novo protein nanotechnology (SPN) has:
- Low termination control (and rather minimal site addressabbility) but
- High stiffness (and small lattice spacing)
Spiroligomers and other highly polycyclic small molecules:
- Are limited in size and structure by the limits of chemical synthesis.
- Have very high stiffness (lattice does not apply)
Further subdivision for de-novo peptides synthesis technologies
De-novo proteins can be synthesized:
- either by employing the machinery of living cells
- or by doing the synthesis fully synthetically (abiotically)
Biotically synthesized long peptides (aka proteins):
- pro: longer chainlengths are possible
- con: limited range of side-chains possible
Basically the amino-acids and a bit more by some nontrivial difficult tricks.
Abiotically syntehiszed pepides (more expensive)
- con: only short chainlengths are possible
- pro: all sorts of exotic side-chains are possible to be added.
Heck even exotic foldamers with other backbones are theoretically possible.
Limits when used alone
Using SDN alone one ...
- can build bigger frameworks with reaonable engineering like geometry
- cannot achive positional assembly capabilites sufficient for materials that require positional atomic precision
Using SPN alone one ...
- cannot (yet) build bigger frameworks with reasonable engineering like geometry (that terminate in selfassembly controlledly!)
- can perhaps achieve sufficient stiffness for positional assembly capabilities sufficient for materials that require positional atomic precision
Using spiroligomers alone one ...
- cannot build really big frameworks at all
- can most likely achieve sufficient stiffness for positional atomic precision
How to combine them
To get both
- sufficient termination control and site addressability and
- sufficient stiffness for eventual positional atomic precision
at the same time as soon as possible
one perhaps viable strategy might be to insert:
- (1) stiffest smallest small molecules into
- (2) smaller stiffer self-assemblies (de-novo proteins – SPN) into
- (3) larger less stiff self-assemblies (DNA structures – SDN)
Tracing the kinematic loop from workpiece over frame across actuators over frame to tooltip:
At all the interfaces the stiffness-per-area times area product must be sufficient.
This allows for a softer frame while still retaining sufficiently high stiffness at the critical spots
As a further subdivision to the middle step (2) from above:
- integrate small abiotically synthesized peptides (with exotic high stiffness small molecule side-chains attached)
- into big biotically synthesized stiff de-novo proteins (which are much more limited in possible side chains).
Side-notes
There is no positional atomic precision in SDN – likely
Stiffness of structural DNA nanotechnology in fact is so, that
there likely is only topological atomic precision possible and not positional atomic precision.
There have been experiments that have shown subatomic precision, but only in statistical average
(wiki-TODO: investigate more closely & add reference)
Alternative approaches
There is a way to place atoms to positional atomic precision
without achieving positional atomic precision in the positional assembly of the placement mechanism.
The gist is self centering of pre-built blocks with a higher latent internal precision than the precision of the placement mechanism.
For details see main page: Bootstrapping atomic precision
Related
- Fat finger problem
- stiffness-per-area also callable area-specific-stiffness
- Lattice scaled stiffness
