Difference between revisions of "White sapphire"
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| − | + | == Terminology == | |
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| − | + | "[[White sapphire]]" (meaning clear transparent colorless) because we want to focus on perfect crystals without any color giving impurities. <br> | |
| − | + | A base material for [[gemstone metamaterial technology]] would be perfectly impurity free and colorless clear. <br> | |
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| − | + | Just "sapphire" usually refers to sapphires with impurities (iron and titanium ions replace aluminum ions) causing a blue to black color. <br> | |
| + | Also called '''lecosapphire or leukosapphire''' (may be more prevalent in German). | ||
| − | + | == Advantages of this gem == | |
| − | + | * very hard material ('''Mohs 9''' – defining mineral), very high heat conductivity | |
| − | + | * made out of the '''extremely common element''' aluminum (more common than carbon in [[diamond]] or [[moissanite]]) <br><small>Possibly helpful on the [[Moon]] with carbon being scarce.</small> | |
| − | + | * like [[moissanite]] sapphire is '''thermodynamically stable''' not just metastable like [[diamond]] thus '''very heat resistant''' | |
| + | * Crystal structure: '''trigonal''' – Not as high symmetry as cubic but still '''good'''. | ||
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| + | Maybe look at metastable Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> polymorphs at the eventual cost of somewhat less heat resistance? | ||
== Related == | == Related == | ||
| + | * '''[[Deltalumite]]''' – a tetragonal polymorph of Al2O3 with spinel structure | ||
* '''Tistarite Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has the same structure.''' => [[neo-polymorph]] series? | * '''Tistarite Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has the same structure.''' => [[neo-polymorph]] series? | ||
* '''[[Gemstone like compounds with high potential]]''' – [[Gemstone like compounds]] | * '''[[Gemstone like compounds with high potential]]''' – [[Gemstone like compounds]] | ||
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== Polymorphs == | == Polymorphs == | ||
| − | '''Deltalumite''' Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (δ form of corundum, polymorph of [[sapphire]]) – tetragonal – Mohs ? – | + | '''[[Deltalumite]]''' Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (δ form of corundum, polymorph of [[sapphire]]) – tetragonal – Mohs ? – |
| − | + | == Trivia == | |
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| − | + | * 🟥 '''Ruby is just red sapphire.''' Color from Chromium Cr. | |
| − | * | + | * 🟦 Classic blue is from elements (Fe,Ti) |
| − | * | + | * ⬜️ transparent, no impurities, white sapphire |
| − | * | + | * 🟨 There are many other possible colors from impurities/dopants. |
| − | + | ---- | |
| − | + | * 🟢 '''Emerald is NOT a form of sapphire but a green form of [[Beryl]].''' <br>a beryllium aluminum silicate harder than typical silicates. <br> [[Beryllium]] is a quite rare element so forms of beryl are not that viable as a structural material. | |
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
Latest revision as of 12:07, 16 February 2024
Terminology
"White sapphire" (meaning clear transparent colorless) because we want to focus on perfect crystals without any color giving impurities.
A base material for gemstone metamaterial technology would be perfectly impurity free and colorless clear.
Just "sapphire" usually refers to sapphires with impurities (iron and titanium ions replace aluminum ions) causing a blue to black color.
Also called lecosapphire or leukosapphire (may be more prevalent in German).
Advantages of this gem
- very hard material (Mohs 9 – defining mineral), very high heat conductivity
- made out of the extremely common element aluminum (more common than carbon in diamond or moissanite)
Possibly helpful on the Moon with carbon being scarce. - like moissanite sapphire is thermodynamically stable not just metastable like diamond thus very heat resistant
- Crystal structure: trigonal – Not as high symmetry as cubic but still good.
Maybe look at metastable Al2O3 polymorphs at the eventual cost of somewhat less heat resistance?
Related
- Deltalumite – a tetragonal polymorph of Al2O3 with spinel structure
- Tistarite Ti2O3 has the same structure. => neo-polymorph series?
- Gemstone like compounds with high potential – Gemstone like compounds
- Corundum structure – Simple crystal structures of especial interest
- Aluminum oxides
- Moissanite is also an extremely heat resistant base material.
- Diamond is much less heat and oxidation resistant.
- Both diamond and moissanite have higher crystal structure symmetry than leukosapphire
Polymorphs
Deltalumite Al2O3 (δ form of corundum, polymorph of sapphire) – tetragonal – Mohs ? –
Trivia
- 🟥 Ruby is just red sapphire. Color from Chromium Cr.
- 🟦 Classic blue is from elements (Fe,Ti)
- ⬜️ transparent, no impurities, white sapphire
- 🟨 There are many other possible colors from impurities/dopants.
- 🟢 Emerald is NOT a form of sapphire but a green form of Beryl.
a beryllium aluminum silicate harder than typical silicates.
Beryllium is a quite rare element so forms of beryl are not that viable as a structural material.
External links
Wikipedia
- materialsproject.org [1]
- mineralienatlas (de) [2]
- Strukturtypendatenbank uni-freiburg: [3]
- Wikidata leukosapphire: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3831236
