Difference between revisions of "Machine-phase chemistry"
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* can largely increase rates for the actually desired reaction (higher [[effective concentration]]) | * can largely increase rates for the actually desired reaction (higher [[effective concentration]]) | ||
| − | Generally this guiding … | + | Strongly related to machine-phase chemistry are [[the finger problems]]. |
| + | |||
| + | == Keeping up total reaction rate - spacetime reaction density == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Generally this positional guiding of reactants … | ||
* reduces the spacial density (spacial frequency) of active reaction sites | * reduces the spacial density (spacial frequency) of active reaction sites | ||
* increases the temporal frequency (temporal density) of reaction events | * increases the temporal frequency (temporal density) of reaction events | ||
The latter must and can overcompensate in for the loss in the former. | The latter must and can overcompensate in for the loss in the former. | ||
| − | Actively applying | + | == Applying forces == |
| + | |||
| + | Actively applying forces (or torques) can accelerate reactions further in some cases. <br> | ||
In some cases applied force can slow down reactions though. See: [[Inter system crossing]]. <br> | In some cases applied force can slow down reactions though. See: [[Inter system crossing]]. <br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Exoergicity & reaction speed == | ||
| + | |||
Higly exoergic >>kT reactions with no energy recuperation will typically happen fast. <br> | Higly exoergic >>kT reactions with no energy recuperation will typically happen fast. <br> | ||
| − | Energy recuperation (and maybe even [[dissipation sharing]] to | + | Energy recuperation (and maybe even [[dissipation sharing]] to squeeze out as much efficiency as possible) <br> |
| − | will change reaction range rates in nontrivial ways. | + | will change reaction range rates in nontrivial ways. Related: [[Energy recuperation]] & [[Reversible actuation]] |
| + | |||
| + | == Absence of endoergic reactions == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Endoergic reactions progress forward because they dump more entropy into position space than what they suck out of impulse space. <br> | ||
| + | As machine phase has per definition an entropy of zero in position space that is <br> | ||
| + | never growing (always instantly reset within each assembly step by pumping entropy out to impulse space (heat)) <br> | ||
| + | '''endoergic reactions are impossible in machine phase'''. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Well, excluding things that are within machine phase safely encapsulated and have an interior that is intentionally not in machine phase. <br> | ||
| + | See: [[Entropomechanical converter]]s for a prime example of that. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Pseudoendoergic ripp-off reactions == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Still reactions that need energy for bond splitting can be performed by applying force <br> | ||
| + | Basically this is done by stiffly linking the reaction to an other reaction located elsewhere that is <br> | ||
| + | more exoergic than what the splitting process needs. A site for [[chemomechanical conversion]]. See: [[exoergicity offloading]] <br> | ||
| + | Related: [[Lagrangian mechanics for nanomechanical circuits]] and [[Drive subsystem of a gem-gum factory]] | ||
== Related == | == Related == | ||
Latest revision as of 15:51, 8 June 2023
Guiding reactive moieties along tightly controlled paths …
- can largely suppress unwanted side reactions
- can largely increase rates for the actually desired reaction (higher effective concentration)
Strongly related to machine-phase chemistry are the finger problems.
Contents
Keeping up total reaction rate - spacetime reaction density
Generally this positional guiding of reactants …
- reduces the spacial density (spacial frequency) of active reaction sites
- increases the temporal frequency (temporal density) of reaction events
The latter must and can overcompensate in for the loss in the former.
Applying forces
Actively applying forces (or torques) can accelerate reactions further in some cases.
In some cases applied force can slow down reactions though. See: Inter system crossing.
Exoergicity & reaction speed
Higly exoergic >>kT reactions with no energy recuperation will typically happen fast.
Energy recuperation (and maybe even dissipation sharing to squeeze out as much efficiency as possible)
will change reaction range rates in nontrivial ways. Related: Energy recuperation & Reversible actuation
Absence of endoergic reactions
Endoergic reactions progress forward because they dump more entropy into position space than what they suck out of impulse space.
As machine phase has per definition an entropy of zero in position space that is
never growing (always instantly reset within each assembly step by pumping entropy out to impulse space (heat))
endoergic reactions are impossible in machine phase.
Well, excluding things that are within machine phase safely encapsulated and have an interior that is intentionally not in machine phase.
See: Entropomechanical converters for a prime example of that.
Pseudoendoergic ripp-off reactions
Still reactions that need energy for bond splitting can be performed by applying force
Basically this is done by stiffly linking the reaction to an other reaction located elsewhere that is
more exoergic than what the splitting process needs. A site for chemomechanical conversion. See: exoergicity offloading
Related: Lagrangian mechanics for nanomechanical circuits and Drive subsystem of a gem-gum factory
Related
- Tooltip chemistry (not necessarily force applying)
- Piezomechanochemistry (not Piezochemistry!!) with the two cases of:
Piezochemical mechanosynthesis and Chemomechanical converters
- Tooltip cycle
- A Minimal Toolset for Positional Diamond Mechanosynthesis (paper)
- List of proposed tooltips for diamond mechanosynthesis
