Silicon

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Silicon dioxide SiO2

Beside the commonly known quartz and amorphous glass there are many polymorphs of silicon dioxide (tectosilicates).

  • Quartz (Mohs 7 by definition | density 2.65 g/cm3)
    α-quartz: trigonal -- β-quartz: hexagonal
  • Stishovite (Mohs 9-9.5 | density 4.287 g/cm3 | tetragonal - resembles rutile TiO2)
  • Seifertite (Mohs ~9 | density 4.294 g/cm3 | orthorhombic - resembles scrutinyite α-PbO2)
  • Coesite (Mohs 7.5 | density 2.92 g/cm3 (calculated) | monoclinic)
  • Cristobalite (Mohs 6-7 | density 2.32–2.36 g/cm3)
    α-Cristobalite tetragonal
    β-Cristobalite cubic - resembles diamond / ZnS
  • Tridymite (Mohs 7 | density 2.25–2.28 g/cm3) there are seven crystal phases of tridymite
    two hexagonal: HP (β) & LHP -- three orthorhombic: OC (α) & OS & OP -- two monoclinic: MC & MX
  • Moganite (Mohs 6 | 2.52-2.58 g/cm3 | monoclinic)
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