Zoo of quasiparticles

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This page is mostly a long list of links to wikipedia. But there'll be a focus on:

  • eventual practical applicability in small devices outside of highly specialized labs (avoiding nano kelvin only phenomena)
  • relation to APM and gem-gum-tec
  • less exotic stuff first
  • giving a better overview than otherwhere exists (more than just a long list)


External links about the general concept

Basic quasiparticles

Phonons (bosonic)

Quantized lattice vibrations.

Plasmons – electron gas quasiparticles

Quantized excitations of the free electron gas.
These can have short wavelength in nm scale.

Holes and Excitons

Weakly bound electron hole pairs. Uncharged.
They can transport energy transport.

Magnons – Spin wave quasiparticle

Wikipedia: "Magnons offer a way to control light-matter interactions at Terahertz frequencies."
From the "Surface magnon polariton" page. See further down.

Spinons, Orbitons, Holons

These three are interlinked originating from a single splitup but sometimes able to act independently. To check.

Interaction based quasiparticles

Adding interactions means there is a bit of a combinatoric explosion and thus a whole zoo of subtype-quasiparticles.

Polarons (fermionic, various types of these)

Not to confuse with plaritons!
See: Polaron

Wikipedia: "… describe an electron moving in a dielectric crystal where the atoms displace from their equilibrium positions to effectively screen the charge of an electron, known as a phonon cloud. This lowers the electron mobility and increases the electron's effective mass."

Wikipedia: "acoustic polaron, piezoelectric polaron, electronic polaron, bound polaron, trapped polaron, spin polaron, molecular polaron, solvated polarons, polaronic exciton, Jahn-Teller polaron, small polaron, bipolarons and many-polaron systems."

Wikipedia: "The possibility that polarons and bipolarons play a role in high-temperature superconductors has renewed interest in the physical properties of many-polaron systems and, in particular, in their optical properties."

This seems to be linked to the bounding mechanism in cooper pairs. To check.

Polaritons (bosonic, various types of these)

Wikipedia: "… strong coupling of electromagnetic waves with an electric or magnetic dipole-carrying excitation."
EM + exctitons or plasmons or ionic-crystal-phonons or magnons or ...

Examples of polariton types:

Related to polaritrons:

Other interaction based quasiparticles

Weird ones

Other basic quasiparticles

  • Roton – "… an elementary excitation, or quasiparticle, seen in superfluid helium-4 and Bose–Einstein condensates with long-range dipolar interactions or spin-orbit coupling."
  • Trion_(physics) – observed in dichalcogenide 2D materials
  • Dropleton – "a collection of electrons and holes inside a semiconductor" giving a quasiparticle that behaves like a liquid – stable for 25ps in 200nm wide GaAs quantum well after generation by ultrashort laser pulses
  • Davydov soliton – Something within proteins.

Related

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