Periclase

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Periclase (MgO) is a material with good properties that offers
slow but present degradability when spilled into nature.
It degrades faster than quartz.

Advantages:

  • High crystal structure symmetry - simple cubic rock salt structure
  • degradability
  • Magnesium is a very common element
  • Magnesium and its compounds are highly nontoxic environment and health friendly

Disadvantages:

  • not the highest material strenght but decent
  • degradability
  • maybe questionable passivatability?

Related

Also magnesium based compound that is only slightly water soluble but fluorine is not terribly abundant and a health risk in too high concentrations: