Difference between revisions of "Base materials with high potential"
From apm
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(→Simple rutile structure & hard: added link to yet unwritten page the stishovite continuum) |
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* TiN, TiP, TiC, TiSi<sub>2</sub>, TiB<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | * TiN, TiP, TiC, TiSi<sub>2</sub>, TiB<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | ||
| − | == | + | == Quite simple [[rutile structure]] & Hard == |
* [[rutile]] TiO<sub>2</sub> | * [[rutile]] TiO<sub>2</sub> | ||
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[[Neo-polymorph]]s with [[rutile structure]] <br> | [[Neo-polymorph]]s with [[rutile structure]] <br> | ||
| − | See: the stishovite continuum on the page about [[silicon]]<br> | + | See: [[the stishovite continuum]] currently on the page about [[silicon]]<br> |
Silicon group: GeO<sub>2</sub>, SnO<sub>2</sub>, β-PbO<sub>2</sub> <br> | Silicon group: GeO<sub>2</sub>, SnO<sub>2</sub>, β-PbO<sub>2</sub> <br> | ||
Other: MnO<sub>2</sub>, FeSbO<sub>4</sub> | Other: MnO<sub>2</sub>, FeSbO<sub>4</sub> | ||
Revision as of 09:41, 14 April 2021
Very good materials
Best of the best
Best diamondoids
- diamond and its polymorphs including hexagonal diamond aka lonsdaleite
- moissanite - SiC - high heat resistance
- pure silicon (eventually)
Best SiO2 polymorphs
Metastable ultrahard and dense SiO2 polymorphs:
- stishovite (tetragonal rutile structure)
- seifertite (orthorhombic scrutinyite structure)
Simple titanium gemstones
- TiN, TiP, TiC, TiSi2, TiB2, TiO2, Ti2O3
Quite simple rutile structure & Hard
- rutile TiO2
- stishovite - metastable SiO2 polymorph - rutile structure & very hard and dense
Neo-polymorphs with rutile structure
See: the stishovite continuum currently on the page about silicon
Silicon group: GeO2, SnO2, β-PbO2
Other: MnO2, FeSbO4
Mono metal monoxides (simple cublic NaCl salt structure)
Earth alkali based
- MgO periclase
- CaO - questionable - highly reactive with water
Transition metal based
Some transition metal monoxides (Typical: Max 1300-1900°C - Mohs 5-6)
- TiO hongquiite
- MnO manganosite - (Mn is less abundant)
- FeO wüstite
- NiO brommelite - (Ni is not too abundant on earth but very abundant on metallic asteroids)
V vanadium, Cr chromium, Co cobalt do that too but
these elements are more scarce thus
not included as pure high volume base materials here
Other
- spinell MgAl2O4 - very hard and cubic
Materials with some weakness
Con: low crystal structure symmetry
- leukosapphire - very hard
- quartz - and other low density polymorphs of SiO2
Con: Rather soft materials
- calcite and aragonite
Others
- garnets - hard and cubic (but big unit cell)
- brommelite BeO - very hard but beryllium is scarce and poisonous
