Difference between revisions of "Hydroxide"
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(→Decently hard iron and manganese hydroxides: note on transparency and occurrence in nature) |
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* α-AlO(OH) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspore Diaspore] '''Mohs 6.5-7 (pretty hard!)''' | * α-AlO(OH) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspore Diaspore] '''Mohs 6.5-7 (pretty hard!)''' | ||
| + | * β-AlO(OH) (name abandoned due to inconsistent nomenclature maybe ??) | ||
* γ-AlO(OH) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boehmite Beohmite] Mohs 3.5 | * γ-AlO(OH) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boehmite Beohmite] Mohs 3.5 | ||
| − | * γ-Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbsite Gibbsite (Hydrargillite)] Mohs 2.5-3.5 | + | * γ-Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbsite Gibbsite (Hydrargillite/Bayerite)] Mohs 2.5-3.5 |
== Decently hard iron and manganese hydroxides == | == Decently hard iron and manganese hydroxides == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Macroscopic flawless AP single crystals of these minerals are most likely intransparent in the visible spectrum. <br> | ||
| + | In nature these iron hydroxide minerals occur in the rock [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limonite limonite]. | ||
* α-FeO(OH) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethite Goethite] Mohs 5-5.5 | * α-FeO(OH) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethite Goethite] Mohs 5-5.5 | ||
| + | * β-FeO(OH) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akagan%C3%A9ite Hydroxy-Akaganeite] Mohs ?? | ||
* γ-FeO(OH) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidocrocite Lepidocrocite] Mohs 5 | * γ-FeO(OH) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidocrocite Lepidocrocite] Mohs 5 | ||
* δ-FeO(OH) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feroxyhyte Feroxyhyte] Mohs ?? | * δ-FeO(OH) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feroxyhyte Feroxyhyte] Mohs ?? | ||
| − | + | ---- | |
* α-MnO(OH) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groutite Groutite] Mohs 3.5-4 | * α-MnO(OH) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groutite Groutite] Mohs 3.5-4 | ||
* β-MnO(OH) [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Feitknechtite.shtml#.WEZayx8l93E Feitknechtite (webminerals)] Mohs ?? | * β-MnO(OH) [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Feitknechtite.shtml#.WEZayx8l93E Feitknechtite (webminerals)] Mohs ?? | ||
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* CrOOH [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyanaite Guyanaite] Bracewellite Grimaldiite -- Mohs ?? | * CrOOH [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyanaite Guyanaite] Bracewellite Grimaldiite -- Mohs ?? | ||
* GaO(OH) [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsumgallit Tsumgallit] Mohs 1-2 (very soft and containing rare gallium) | * GaO(OH) [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsumgallit Tsumgallit] Mohs 1-2 (very soft and containing rare gallium) | ||
| − | * Vanadium hydroxides | + | * Vanadium hydroxides: V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub> Doloresite |
| − | + | = Notes = | |
Many hydroxides can be found in the Bauxite Laterite mineral group. | Many hydroxides can be found in the Bauxite Laterite mineral group. | ||
Bauxite is today (2016) the primary aluminium ore. | Bauxite is today (2016) the primary aluminium ore. | ||
With todays non AP technology it's not economically possible to extract aluminium from rocks containing silicon which is the second most common element in earths crust after oxygen. With advanced atomically precise gem-gum-technology red mud could become a better usable resource. | With todays non AP technology it's not economically possible to extract aluminium from rocks containing silicon which is the second most common element in earths crust after oxygen. With advanced atomically precise gem-gum-technology red mud could become a better usable resource. | ||
| + | |||
| + | = External Links = | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hydroxide_minerals Wikipedia: Hydroxide minerals] | ||
Latest revision as of 10:47, 6 December 2016
Many hydroxides are rather soft but there are a few exceptions that might be pretty useful as structural building materials.
Contents
Hydroxides of aluminum
- α-AlO(OH) Diaspore Mohs 6.5-7 (pretty hard!)
- β-AlO(OH) (name abandoned due to inconsistent nomenclature maybe ??)
- γ-AlO(OH) Beohmite Mohs 3.5
- γ-Al(OH)3 Gibbsite (Hydrargillite/Bayerite) Mohs 2.5-3.5
Decently hard iron and manganese hydroxides
Macroscopic flawless AP single crystals of these minerals are most likely intransparent in the visible spectrum.
In nature these iron hydroxide minerals occur in the rock limonite.
- α-FeO(OH) Goethite Mohs 5-5.5
- β-FeO(OH) Hydroxy-Akaganeite Mohs ??
- γ-FeO(OH) Lepidocrocite Mohs 5
- δ-FeO(OH) Feroxyhyte Mohs ??
- α-MnO(OH) Groutite Mohs 3.5-4
- β-MnO(OH) Feitknechtite (webminerals) Mohs ??
- γ-MnO(OH) Manganite Mohs 4
Soft hydroxides of earth alkali metals
- Mg(OH)2 Brucite Mohs 2.5-3
- Ca(OH)2 Portlandite Mohs 2
The hydroxides of alkali metals (sodium and potassium - NaOH & KOH) are highly water soluble and form highly basic solutions aggressive to human skin and dangerous to the eyes. They are not suitable for surface exposed building materials.
Hydroxides of more rare elements
- CrOOH Guyanaite Bracewellite Grimaldiite -- Mohs ??
- GaO(OH) Tsumgallit Mohs 1-2 (very soft and containing rare gallium)
- Vanadium hydroxides: V3O4(OH)4 Doloresite
Notes
Many hydroxides can be found in the Bauxite Laterite mineral group. Bauxite is today (2016) the primary aluminium ore. With todays non AP technology it's not economically possible to extract aluminium from rocks containing silicon which is the second most common element in earths crust after oxygen. With advanced atomically precise gem-gum-technology red mud could become a better usable resource.
