Difference between revisions of "Common stones"
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Most stones are to a high degree silicates. One especially common one is granite. <br> | Most stones are to a high degree silicates. One especially common one is granite. <br> | ||
From this you can make all sorts of polymorphs of SiO<sub>2</sub> <br> | From this you can make all sorts of polymorphs of SiO<sub>2</sub> <br> | ||
| − | Including [[quartz]] and [[stishovite]]. | + | Including not only [[quartz]] and similar hardness modifications but also <br> |
| + | the ultra hard ambient pressure stable high pressure modification gems [[stishovite]] and [[seifertite]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Using the metals that are present concentratedly in the feldspar and mica components of the granite <br> | ||
| + | many other high performance gems can be made by mechanosynthesis. Including … | ||
| + | * harder topaz (orthorhombic, Mohs 8 per definition, containing Al) - sapphire using no silicon | ||
| + | * cubic crystal symmetry gems like spinels and garnets. | ||
| + | * orthorhombic olivines/peridots (Mg/Fe) | ||
| + | * perhaps tourmaline | ||
| + | * many more | ||
== Chalk-stone => calcite and aragonite == | == Chalk-stone => calcite and aragonite == | ||
| Line 16: | Line 25: | ||
One especially common one is microcrystalline chalk stone. <br> | One especially common one is microcrystalline chalk stone. <br> | ||
From this you can make all sorts of polymorphs of CaCO<sub>3</sub> <br> | From this you can make all sorts of polymorphs of CaCO<sub>3</sub> <br> | ||
| − | Including: Calcite (aka bifringent calc-spar), Aragonite | + | Including: Calcite (aka bifringent calc-spar), Aragonite, … |
== Clay => sapphire == | == Clay => sapphire == | ||
Clays typically contain quite a bit of aluminum dioxide <br> | Clays typically contain quite a bit of aluminum dioxide <br> | ||
| − | From this you can make (among other things) | + | From this you can make (among other things) Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> |
| + | * [[Sapphire]] | ||
| + | * [[Deltalumite]] - a barely known polymorph | ||
== Iron ore => wüstite, hematite, and magnetide == | == Iron ore => wüstite, hematite, and magnetide == | ||
| Line 32: | Line 43: | ||
== Salt => periclase == | == Salt => periclase == | ||
| − | There are plenty of places to find magnesium <br> | + | There are plenty of places to find magnesium (including seawater)<br> |
| − | With | + | With magnesium one can make periclase (MgO). <br> |
| + | Simple cubic rock salt structure. | ||
| + | But unlike rock salt / table salt (NaCl) it is barely water soluble. <br> | ||
| + | Just a tiny bit making it environmentally friendly degradable. <br> | ||
| + | Passivatability of surfaces for moving sliding/rolling interfaces is questionable. May need some lining. <br> | ||
| + | Thin quartz based lining can preserve degradability. | ||
== Rocks in space == | == Rocks in space == | ||
| Line 75: | Line 91: | ||
== Related == | == Related == | ||
| − | * [[Rock digestion chamber]] | + | * [[Rock digestion chamber]], [[Gem-gum waste dissolution]] |
* [[Atomically precise disassembly]] | * [[Atomically precise disassembly]] | ||
* [[Diamondoid waste incineration]] – does not work for pretty much all stones except diamond and carbon notride | * [[Diamondoid waste incineration]] – does not work for pretty much all stones except diamond and carbon notride | ||
* [[Passivation layer mineral]]s | * [[Passivation layer mineral]]s | ||
* [[Gemstone like compounds with high potential]] | * [[Gemstone like compounds with high potential]] | ||
| + | * [[Gemstone]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:56, 13 December 2023
This page shall answer:
Given a gem-gum factory what could you make from the material in a stone
(or inorganic dirt) that you randomly pick up from the ground.
Contents
Granite => quartz and stishovite
Most stones are to a high degree silicates. One especially common one is granite.
From this you can make all sorts of polymorphs of SiO2
Including not only quartz and similar hardness modifications but also
the ultra hard ambient pressure stable high pressure modification gems stishovite and seifertite.
Using the metals that are present concentratedly in the feldspar and mica components of the granite
many other high performance gems can be made by mechanosynthesis. Including …
- harder topaz (orthorhombic, Mohs 8 per definition, containing Al) - sapphire using no silicon
- cubic crystal symmetry gems like spinels and garnets.
- orthorhombic olivines/peridots (Mg/Fe)
- perhaps tourmaline
- many more
Chalk-stone => calcite and aragonite
Many stones (entire mountain ranges) are metamorphized ancient sediments from ea life.
One especially common one is microcrystalline chalk stone.
From this you can make all sorts of polymorphs of CaCO3
Including: Calcite (aka bifringent calc-spar), Aragonite, …
Clay => sapphire
Clays typically contain quite a bit of aluminum dioxide
From this you can make (among other things) Al2O3
- Sapphire
- Deltalumite - a barely known polymorph
Iron ore => wüstite, hematite, and magnetide
Pick up a some random brownish looking stone an chances are good there's iron inside.
With this you can make wüstite, hematite, and magnetite.
Iron (unlike titanium) unfortunately does not like to make
gemstones with super awesome mechanical and thermal properties.
Salt => periclase
There are plenty of places to find magnesium (including seawater)
With magnesium one can make periclase (MgO).
Simple cubic rock salt structure.
But unlike rock salt / table salt (NaCl) it is barely water soluble.
Just a tiny bit making it environmentally friendly degradable.
Passivatability of surfaces for moving sliding/rolling interfaces is questionable. May need some lining.
Thin quartz based lining can preserve degradability.
Rocks in space
Moon rocks => rutile, anatase, brookite, tistarite, hongquiite
If you so happen to be on the moon there is a good chance that your rock contains a lot of Titanium
This element is especially useful for making structural gemstone like compounds.
You can make the oxidic gemstones:
- rutile (TiO2)
- anatase (TiO2)
- brookite (TiO2)
- hongquiite (TiO)
- tistarite (Ti2O3)
More "synthetic moon titanium gemstomes" are:
- titanium phosphide (TiP) – here ad hoc invented name: "phosphotanite"
- titanium silicide (many forms) – here ad hoc invented name: "silitanite"
- titanium diboride (TiB2 – here ad hoc invented name: "diboritanite"
since these partner elements are quite non-volative
and likely still on the moon in quantities.
No shortage back here on Earth:
Not to worry here on Earth there is plenty of titanium too. Just not that much.
Beside the oxidic titanium gemstones there are plenty excellent others
Titanium combing in a pure way with other elements rarely happens in nature.
So these come without pretty mineral names.
- The golden titanium nitride (TiN) – here ad hoc invented name: "nitrotanite"
- Titanium carbide (TiC) – here ad hoc invented name: "carbonitanite"
Rocks dunes and lakes on Saturns moon Titan => diamond and lonsdaleite
On Saturns moon Titan your rock will most likely be water ice.
That is not too useful as structural building material.
Go to the tholine dunes and methane lakes instead.
All the stuff there is probably mostly organic volatile elements.
Hopefully not too sludge like (we will see when amazing the dragonfly mission will arrive)
So the products of titaninan gem-gum tech will likely be combustible if
heated enough in the presence of for that purpose synthesized oxygen.
See: Diamondoid waste incineration
Related
- Rock digestion chamber, Gem-gum waste dissolution
- Atomically precise disassembly
- Diamondoid waste incineration – does not work for pretty much all stones except diamond and carbon notride
- Passivation layer minerals
- Gemstone like compounds with high potential
- Gemstone
