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'''Up: [[The finger problems]]'''

The atoms of the manipulators "fingers" "adhere" to the atoms that are being moved and vice versa. Advanced forms of [[mechanosynthesis]] does not work with tiny tweezers that grip atoms. It's more like playing around with direction dependent (technical term anisotropic) attraction forces.

== The "problem" ==

One might worry that due to that stickiness of the tool-tips one cannot deposit enough kinds of structures to make anything useful.<br> 

As it turns out this is not the case (see papers linked from the [[mechanosynthesis]] page). <br>
In contrary without that sticking force assembling anything would be impossible.

Noble gas atoms (especially the light ones) e.g. do not have enough sticking force (VdW force) to stick (bind) to other atoms.
So noble gas atoms like helium cannot be picked and placed by simple contact to a reactive tip.
Only full steric encapsulation can hold them. Heavy noble gassed are a bit more reactive. So with highly reactive tips, cooling, or high charges they can be more easily managed.

Obviously as long as one can go down to increasingly stronger attraction forces
one can let go of the cargo atom(s) (that is deposit it).
(more accurately as long as the appropriate thermodynamic potential goes down)
But what if one ends up at "rock bottom"?

== The three tip "trick" ==

There are several strategies.
The most obvious one is to introduce further tips.
Just as one can get double sided sticky tape off ones fingers by using more area at the target site this same method works for atoms. Another possibility is to use the dependence of bond strength on (relative) bond direction (turning two tips towards each other or apart from each other) or the possibility to turn pi-bonds out of alignment.

This way one can can pump some new energy into the system (originating from the diamondoid nanomachinery in the background - force times motion distance) going back up the hill closing the loop. (The system as a whole of course still moves down a thermodynamic potential. Otherwise it would not move forward.)

See: [[Getting sticky tape of fingers analogy]]

== Efficiency ==

Including the three-tip-trick: <br>
Is an exothermic drop in bond energy from guided reagents to guided products (and "from in sum stronger sticky to in sum less stickey") always necessary? <br>

It turns out no. <br>
The necessary [[increase in microstates]] for reactions to sufficiently reliably progressing forwards rather than backwards "in time" can be offloaded to some off site location.

If this off site location ... 
* ... is in [[partial machine phase]] then endothemic dissipation mechanisms can be used drive system [[entropomechanical converter]]s
* ... is still in full on machine phase (e.g. a non-entropic drive system) this dissipation can only be done in an exothermic way. See: [[Exothermy offloading]].

Endothermic reactions are not possible in full on machine phase because ideal [[machine phase]] is defined by neither carrying nor being capable of accruing spacial disorder.
And accruing spacial disorder is prerequisite for endothermic reactions.

Related: [[Dissipation sharing]]

== No need for tremendous capabilities ==

Of course not every structure allowed by physical law will be mechanosyntesizable.
Actually by far not. 

But that is not a problem.
A core principle of atomically precise manufacturing is that one can make
almost anything by synthesizing almost nothing via the "magic" of [[metamaterial]]s.
That is via emulation of material properties at the scale of [[crystolecule]]s and [[microcomponent]]s. 
Not via the choice of different materials like we do today.

== Related ==

* [[Fat finger problem]]
* [[The finger problems]]
* [[Mechanosynthesis]]
* [[History]]

== External links ==

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nontransitive_dice Nontransitive dice]