View source for Common critique towards diamondoid atomically precise manufacturing and technology

[[File:Infosheet-macromech-at-nanoscale-common-critiques--small-pixelgraphic.png|400px|thumb|right|All these common critiques have been analyzed and identified as non-showstoppers some even helping rather than hurting.]]

This page coveres common critique directed towards [[macroscale style machinery at the nanoscale]] and [[Gem-gum technology|gemstone based atomically precise manufacturing and technology]]. These critique points are common due to …
* expert knowledge of scaling laws that is incomplete in important areas 
* current day experimental restrictions

'''Guide for responding to critique:''' <br>
This page can be seen as a guide for how to best respond to such critique. <br>
Fight scaling laws with scaling laws.

'''Page organization:''' <br>
The common critique points are mainly organized by how they relates to scaling laws and to each other.
Some further critique is related to mechanochemistry.

For a more general & free-form discussion see page: <br>
'''[[Common misconceptions about atomically precise manufacturing]]''' <br>
There may be some redundant overlap in discussion.

= Scaling law (SL) based critiques =

== Rising '''surface area''' per volume (SL) ==

– rising '''friction''' power losses (TRUE BUT) <br>
See: '''[[Why larger bearing area of smaller machinery is not a problem]]''' <br>
– nanomachinery motions couple strongly to thermal motions (FALSE) <br>
Due to [[simulating crystolecules|practical reasons]] simulations are usually done at extremely high speeds >100m/s. 
That is way above the actual proposed machine operation speeds of ~5mm/s or lower.
Also see: [[Stroboscopic illusion in animations of diamondoid molecular machine elements]]. This can be quite misleading in judgement of friction  levels. <br>

– rising '''corrosion rate''' (oxidation/rust) (FALSE) <br>
Systems are [[well sealed]] and expose only corrosion resistant surfaces to the outside. Internals are [[PPV]]. <br>
– '''perfect vacuum can't be created''' but is needed (FALSE) <br>
No [[PPV]] is not physically impossible. It is just unattainable with today's (2023) technology and macroscopic volumes.

– '''lubricants and dirt''' clog machinery like molasses and gravel (FALSE) <br>
Sealed systems again. Bearings run dry and are either slide-bearings or roller gear bearings. 
Related: [[Atomically precise bearings]]

== Rising effect of '''viscosity''' (SL) ==

– '''lubricants and dirt''' clog machinery like molasses and gravel (FALSE) <br>
Dirt is already covered above. Systems operate dry. No liquids or gasses involved. 
Well except in resource supply. There several strategies can be employed including:
* fractal supply channels
* last stretch diffusion transport
* compartmentalized transport of liquids ([[Capsule transport]])

== Rising influence of '''thermal motion''' (SL) ==

Nanomachinery motions couple strongly to thermal motions (FALSE) <br>
Already covered above.

★ '''placement of atoms''' is to unreliable (error rates) jittery and sloppy/wobbly fingers (FALSE) <br>

'''In context of general possibility:''' <br>
Sufficient [[lattice scaled stiffness]] to suppress constrain thermal motion amplitudes is attainable even at room temperature.
Error rates drop further exponentially with cooling.
Theoretical [[exploratory engineering]] analysis in the [[tooltip cycle paper]]. 
Experimental corroboration in a huge number of papers on subatomically precise imaging and atom manipulation. <br>
'''In context or of possibility across the bootstrapping [[pathways|pathway]].''' <br>
– The [[direct path]] goes straight to systems that have sufficient [[lattice scaled stiffness]]. The remaining (always finite) error rates can be dealt with several strategies and can be made [[FAPP]] sufficiently low. Some strategies easier for early primitive systems some harder. Strategies like [[out of place mechanosynthesis]], error detection (failed synthesis step / failed entire [[crystolecule]]), failed part disposal, and perhaps (but not necessarily) failed synthesis step error correction. That is possibly more challenging than the [[incremental path]] but not provenly so. <br>
– The [[incremental path]] proposes to go incrementally to stiffer more advanced materials or combine materials of different stiffness and different scalability. (Scalability in the sense of [[termination control]] not size). While [[fat fingers]] still apply initially for soft systems this restriction gradually diminishes with increasingly stiff materials. Machine phase can be attained gradually via [[topological atomic precision]], tether-aided selfassembly, site-activation-wash-in approaches, and [[Combining advantages of different selfassembly technologies]]. <br>
See also: [[Jittery fingers]], [[Wobbly fingers]], [[Sloppy fingers]]

★ atoms do not stay in place due to '''surface diffusion or surface reconstruction''' (FALSE) <br>
In strongly bonding covalent materials (including diamond) surface diffusion rates at room temperature are so astronomically low that [[FAPP]] atoms do not hop at room temperature. Even taking the large numbers of atoms in macroscopic objects into account. During [[mechanosynthesis]] the actively worked on patch of surface can be sufficiently stable too. So determined in the [[tooltip cycle paper]] ([[exploratory engineering]]). Cooling helps. For early primitive mechanosynthesis experiments are needed to identify and take on more immediate challenges. <br>
{{wikitodo|Add: Diamond depassivated surface reconstruction analysis paper}} 

★ nanosystems can only work in an '''dynamic equilibrium''' (FALSE) <br>
This assumes unavoidability of high thermally induced bond braking rates and a need to deal with them. <br>
As discussed above (finite) thermally induced bond braking rated are [[FAPP]] zero for the far term target materials of interest. <br>
Early systems along the [[incremental path]] face the challenge of dynamic equilibrion, yes, but they do not disprove the existence of systems that are exempt. <br>{{wikitodo|maybe explain further}}

* rising influence on '''quantum mechanics'''
* rising tendency towards '''themodynamic equilibrium'''

== Rising influence of '''quantum mechanics''' (SL) ==

Machinery quantum disperses, quantum collapses, and tunnels (FALSE) <br>
<small>Runs apart omnidirecttionally, reappears elsewhere spontaneously, moves through itself and walls.</small> <br>
See: [[Nanomechanics is barely mechanical quantummechanics]]

== Rising tendency towards '''thermodynamic equilibrium''' (SL) ==

Perfect vacuum can't be created but is needed (FALSE) <br>
Already covered above.

– '''diffusion transport''' is (fundamentally) more efficient (FALSE) <br>
In fact the opposite may be true due to the trick of [[dissipation sharing]] not being usable in diffusion transport. <br>
– '''nature would have done it''' if it where possible (FALSE) <br>
See: [[Nature does it differently]]

– atoms do not stay in place due to '''natural ambient high energy radiation''' (TRUE BUT) <br>
It is true that that some radiation can not be shielded against. Especially with smaller systems/devices not even giving enough space for shielding against hard UV. But expectable radiation damage seems to be low enough to be dealable with though via [[Redundancy|redundant system design]] (fail-safe redundancy) alone. Disassemblying component testing and reassembing or even having difficult [[self repair]]ing systems are a bonus.
This has been analyzed in [[Nanosystems]] and reviews would be appreciated.

– nanosystems can only work in an '''dynamic equilibrium''' (FALSE) <br>
Covered above. <br>
– '''nature would have done it''' if it where possible (FALSE) <br>
Covered above.

== Falling '''material stiffness''' (SL) ==

– '''placement of atoms''' is to unreliable (error rates) jittery and sloppy fingers (FALSE) <br>
Covered above. Also see: [[Same relative deflections across scales]] for the aspect of deflections from mechanical accelerations. <br> 
Deflections from machine motions (rather than thermal agitation) are [[FAPP]] zero at proposed speeds of ~5mm/s.

== Falling '''available space''' (SL) – obviously ==

– '''Not enough space''' for all the manipulators (TRUE BUT) <br>
See: [[Fat fingers]] and [[Atom placement frequency]]

== Rising influence of '''intermolecular forces''' (SL) ==

– '''atoms adhere to manipulators''' "sticky fingers" (TRUE & GOOD THING) <br>
See: [[Sticky finger problem]]

= Mechanochemistry related critiques =

potential problems with '''machine phase chemistry''' including mechanosynthesis <br>
All of the following already covered above.
* '''placement of atoms''' is to unreliable (error rates) jittery and sloppy fingers (FALSE) <br>
* '''perfect vacuum can't be created''' but is needed (FALSE) <br>
* '''atoms adhere to manipulators''' "sticky fingers" (TRUE & GOOD THING)
* '''Not enough space''' for all the manipulators (TRUE BUT) <br>

= Potential problems not based on any scaling laws =

– '''too difficult''', castel in the sky, chicken egg problem (FALSE) <br>
– advocating stiff nanomachinery but forking with soft nanomachinery to get to stiff nanomachinery ASAP is '''hypocrism''' (FALSE) <br>
– it's better to '''just wait and see''' (FALSE) '''& the worst possible decision'''

= Related =

* [[Macroscale style machinery at the nanoscale]]
* [[Common misconceptions about atomically precise manufacturing]] (older less systematic page)
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* '''[[General tips for productive communication]]'''
* [[Finger problems]]
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* Using [[gemstone-like compounds]]/[[gemstone]]s instead of '''[[pure metals and metal alloys]]''' <br>removes issues of surface [[oxidation]] and surface [[diffusion]].