View source for Gem-gum technology


previous: [[technology level II]] <br>
next: [[further improvement at technology level III]]<br> 

The kind of products in this technology level are outlined in the definition of APM on the [[Main Page]].
This page should give more details to the different aspects of advanced APM systems.

= Productive nanosystems  =

In the beginning of APM research only ''assemblers'' where considered for reachig the capability to produce macroscopic amounts of a product.<br>At '''T.Level III''' it turns out that Advanced nanofactories are more balanced and efficient than Assembler systems. At [[technology level I]] the border between minimal assemblers and rudimentary nanofactories is more blurred. A rudimentary nanofactory might be buildabel without self replicon but a simplified two dimentional assembler model might work well too. <br> To have an umbrella term for both ideas The therm ''productive nanosystems'' was introduced.<br> 

Using the whole volume for the building process of the product rather than a layer in the "classic" nanofactory design could speed up the building process. But this will not be neccesary for practical usage [TODO find existing proof]. If you build a solid block though you might end up to being slower than with the layer method due to the [[fractal growth speedup limit]] 

== Assemblers  ==

'''Note: Assemblers are deprecated!'''<br>The idea is to create a machine with sidelengths of a few hundred nanometers which packages all the functionaliy to produce useful products and also make copies of itself.<br>This way you get an exponential rate of reproduction and can produce macroscopic goods in reasonable amounts of time.<br> 

It turned out that packaging all the functionality into such a small package is a rather unbalanced and inefficient approach for T.Level III.<br>[TODO add more detailed explanation with assembly levels]<br> 

Quite a bit of thought was put into this model.<br> 

Either they where sopposed to swim about in a solution or there was some form of movement mechanism in a machine phase scaffold crystal envisioned like:<br> 

*sliding cubes [TODO add references] 
*legged blocks [TODO add references]<br>

The combination of their appearance (legs) with their very tightly packed capability of [[self replication]] led to the situation that the public started to perceive this technology as swarms of tiny life like nano-bugs that could potentially start uncontrollable and unstoppable self replication. Why this is a rather missinformed opinion can be read up [[the grey goo meme|here]].<br> 

The '''methods for movement are still relevant''' for higher assembly levels in nanofactories for transport of microcomponents. [and self repair by microcomponent replavcement ..]<br>The ''[[Legged Block Mobility|legged block mobility]]'' design is also known from the concept of [[Utility Fog|Utility Fog]] ''(speculativity warning) ''but has other design priorities in an manufacturing context like more rigidity and less "intelligence".<br>

== Advanced nanofactories  ==

An [http://e-drexler.com/p/04/05/0609factoryImages.html artistic depiction] of a nanofactory.
Note that only [[assembly levels#Level IV:|assemly level IV]] (convergent assembly) is visible in this picture. <br>
The official productive nanosystem video [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mY5192g1gQg] shows all the other [[assembly levels]] except IV.

= Assembly levels =

The assambly process of AP products can be clearly devided in a number of subsequent steps no matter wether the concrete implementetion of a productive nanosytem looks more like a nanofactory or more like an assembler system. They are implementation agnostic. Further details can de found on the [[assembly levels|assembly levels page]].

[TODO add assembly levels from Blog - add nanofactory graphic,...] 

= Design levels  =

== Atomistic level design  ==

This is the art of designing [[diamondoid]] molecular elements [[diamondoid molecular elements|DMEs]]
To do so there was developed a great software tool called [nanoengineer-1]

== Bulk limit design  ==

Bigger structures where atomic detail may matter less or is simply not simulatable yet because of limited computation power may be designd
with conventional methods of solid modelling.
A vew issues have to be thought about though:

* Since we operate on the lowermust size level there needs to be set a minimum wall thickness that must not be deceeded
* surfaces should be kept parallel to the main crystallographic faces such that they will not create random steps when auto-filled with virtual atoms.
[todo add links to demo collection] 

== System level design  ==

This is needed for AP manufacturing systems and their products ... <br>
[Todo: explain: elasticity emulation; infinitesimal gear bearings; recycling organisation; octocube ...]

= Logistics  =

*Data 
*Energy 
*Raw Material 
*Waste

= Types of Diamondoid Molecular Elements (DMEs)  =

There are two types of DMEs:
*Diamondoid Molecular machine elements DMMEs 
*Diamondoid Molecular structural elements DMSEs
Furthere details can be found [[diamondoid molecular elements|here]].

= Minimal set of compatible DMMEs  =

In electric circuits there is one topological and three kinds of basic passive elements.<br>
Adding an active switching element one can create a great class of circuits.
* fork node
* capacitors
* inductors
* resistors


Those passive elements have a direct correspondences in rotative or reciprocating mechanics namely in order:
* planetary or differential gearbox (and analogons for reciprocating mechanics)
* springs
* inertial masses
* friction elements


But there are limits to the electric-mechanic analogy. Active elements often differ significantly in their qualitative behavior
* transistors & locking pins are quite different in behaviour
* transformers & gearboxes are quite different in behaviour


With createing a set of standard sizes of those elements and a modular building block system to put them together 
creating rather complex systems can be done in a much short time. <br>
Like in electronics one can first create a schematics and subsequently the board.
 
'''To do:''' Create a minimal set of minimal sized DMMEs for rotative nanomechanics.
Modular housing structures standard bearings and standard axle redirectioning are also needed.

'''To investigate:''' how can reciprocating mechanics be implemented considereng the [[passivation bending issue]]

= Tooltips  =

[Tooltip cycle; DC10c;...]