Why gemstone metamaterial technology should work in brief
The idea of atomically precise gemstone based on-chip factories and their technology has faced major disbelieve and push-back in the past.
Here are the probably hardest arguments for this tech to be actually possible summarized in as brief a way as possible.
Regarding concerns about friction

Concerns about friction have been experimentally dispelled (not only theoretically).
Coaxial nanotubes are already experimentally accessible and they indeed show superlubricity.
- Newer (2017) work on friction (theoretical and experimental).
See: Evaluating the Friction of Rotary Joints in Molecular Machines (paper) - Theoretical estimations on frictions can be found in the book: Nanosystems
More info on and discussion of less common concerns here:
Experimental demonstration of superlubric sliders and rotator and vdW suck-in
(wiki-TODO: Add reference to and discussion of paper.)
Pathway concerns
direct path & mixed path
Regarding concerns about atom-by-atom pick-and-place assembly aka piezochemical mechanosynthesis.
ED … experimental demonstration
ED of that scanning in 3D (high vertical ledges) is now possible
(wiki-TODO: Add reference to and discussion of paper.)
ED of strong covalent nano-molecular manipulation in 3D
(wiki-TODO: Add reference to and discussion of paper.)
ED of SPM manipulations being automateable and scaleable
(wiki-TODO: Add reference to and discussion of paper.)
ED of elemental identification of element types via force curves
(wiki-TODO: Add reference to and discussion of paper.)
Great progress in atomically resolving nc-AFM
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_nanoribbon
- https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms9098 (Fig3 g)
ED of preserving of structure during transfer to a different macroscale sample and back
(wiki-TODO: Add reference to best fitting COFI paper (& …) and discussion of paper.)
Progress with ultra flat surfaces
(wiki-TODO: Add reference to and discussion of papers.)
Progress with potential "adapter molecules"
(wiki-TODO: Add reference to and discussion of papers.)
Early ED (on silicon)

It was possible to experimentally demonstrate mechanosynthesis of silicon.
Abd that even even with today's still very crude means (meaning blunt tips).
See: Silicon mechanosynthesis demonstration paper or more generally: Experimental demonstrations of single atom manipulation
- Silicon is a relevant material quite similar in covalent character to diamond.
- This has been done an reasonable temperatures (meaning not liquid helium but liquid nitogen)
Highly meticulous theoretical analysis (with carbon, a complete system)
It has been shown that the infamous finger problems like the sticky finger problem and the fat finger problem are invalid.
See: A Minimal Toolset for Positional Diamond Mechanosynthesis (paper)
Incrementap path & mixed path
- Progress in hierarchical assembly.
(wiki-TODO: Add reference to and discussion of papers.)
Related
- Experimental demonstrations of single atom manipulation
- Common misconceptions about atomically precise manufacturing
- Macroscale style machinery at the nanoscale
- Higher throughput of smaller machinery – Scaling laws
- Exploratory engineering