Nonbonded forces
The classification is intentionally kept nonstandard here.
- Pauli repulsion – almost the only repulsive non-bonded force and the most important one – (related to degeneration pressure)
- attractive exchange – expanding the space for an electron rather than squeezing it – (leads to covalent bonding beyond non-bonded forces)
Basically the Heisenberg uncertainty phase space see-saw.
Squeezing electrons in space implies necessary expansion in impulse and thus kinetic energy.
Coulombic forces
- monopole Coulombic forces => ionic forces – can be strongly attractive but not always counted to non-bonded forces(?)
- multipole forces ~> leads to Keesom and Debye forces that are subsummized by van der Waals forces (below) as the ones featuring real dipoles
Van der Waals forces
Dipole-dipole interactions
- Hydrogen bonds
- Keesom force (real to real) – it should be possible for these to be acting repulsively
These are not dispersion forces as no virtual dipoles are involved. (wiki-TODO: Check that later.)
Dispersion forces (i.e. virtual dipoles involved)
- Debye force (virtual to real)
- London force (virtual to virtual)
Related
- Intercrystolecular forces, Nonbonded forces, Nonbonded interactions, Van der Waals force
- Assembly from atomically precise nanoscale and microscale parts
- Assembly level 2 (gem-gum factory) & Crystolecule assembly robotics