Base materials with high potential: Difference between revisions
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== Best of the best == | == Best of the best == | ||
=== Best diamondoids === | |||
* [[diamond]] and its polymorphs including hexagonal diamond aka [[lonsdaleite]] | * [[diamond]] and its polymorphs including hexagonal diamond aka [[lonsdaleite]] | ||
* [[moissanite]] - SiC - high heat resistance | * [[moissanite]] - SiC - high heat resistance | ||
* [[ | * pure [[silicon]] (eventually) | ||
* | |||
=== Best SiO<sub>2</sub> polymorphs === | |||
Metastable ultrahard and dense SiO<sub>2</sub> polymorphs: | |||
* [[stishovite]] (tetragonal rutile structure) | |||
* [[seifertite]] (orthorhombic scrutinyite structure) | |||
=== Simple titanium gemstones === | |||
* TiN, TiP, TiC, TiSi<sub>2</sub>, TiB<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | |||
== Simple rutile structure & hard == | == Simple rutile structure & hard == | ||
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Other: MnO<sub>2</sub>, FeSbO<sub>4</sub> | Other: MnO<sub>2</sub>, FeSbO<sub>4</sub> | ||
== | == Mono metal monoxides (simple cublic NaCl salt structure) == | ||
=== Earth alkali based === | |||
* MgO [[periclase]] | * MgO [[periclase]] | ||
* CaO - questionable - highly reactive with water | |||
=== Transition metal based === | |||
Some [[transition metal monoxides]] (Typical: '''Max 1300-1900°C - Mohs 5-6''') | Some [[transition metal monoxides]] (Typical: '''Max 1300-1900°C - Mohs 5-6''') | ||
* TiO hongquiite | * TiO hongquiite | ||
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* NiO brommelite - (Ni is not too abundant on earth but very abundant on metallic asteroids) | * NiO brommelite - (Ni is not too abundant on earth but very abundant on metallic asteroids) | ||
V vanadium, Cr chromium, Co cobalt do that too but <br> | V vanadium, Cr chromium, Co cobalt do that too but <br> | ||
these elements are more scarce thus not included as pure high volume base materials here | these elements are more scarce thus <br> | ||
not included as pure high volume base materials here | |||
== Other == | == Other == | ||
Revision as of 10:38, 14 April 2021
Very good materials
Best of the best
Best diamondoids
- diamond and its polymorphs including hexagonal diamond aka lonsdaleite
- moissanite - SiC - high heat resistance
- pure silicon (eventually)
Best SiO2 polymorphs
Metastable ultrahard and dense SiO2 polymorphs:
- stishovite (tetragonal rutile structure)
- seifertite (orthorhombic scrutinyite structure)
Simple titanium gemstones
- TiN, TiP, TiC, TiSi2, TiB2, TiO2, Ti2O3
Simple rutile structure & hard
- rutile TiO2
- stishovite - metastable SiO2 polymorph - rutile structure & very hard and dense
Neo-polymorphs with rutile structure
See: the stishovite continuum on the page about silicon
Silicon group: GeO2, SnO2, β-PbO2
Other: MnO2, FeSbO4
Mono metal monoxides (simple cublic NaCl salt structure)
Earth alkali based
- MgO periclase
- CaO - questionable - highly reactive with water
Transition metal based
Some transition metal monoxides (Typical: Max 1300-1900°C - Mohs 5-6)
- TiO hongquiite
- MnO manganosite - (Mn is less abundant)
- FeO wüstite
- NiO brommelite - (Ni is not too abundant on earth but very abundant on metallic asteroids)
V vanadium, Cr chromium, Co cobalt do that too but
these elements are more scarce thus
not included as pure high volume base materials here
Other
- spinell MgAl2O4 - very hard and cubic
Materials with some weakness
Con: low crystal structure symmetry
- leukosapphire - very hard
- quartz - and other low density polymorphs of SiO2
Con: Rather soft materials
- calcite and aragonite
Others
- garnets - hard and cubic (but big unit cell)
- brommelite BeO - very hard but beryllium is scarce and poisonous