Carbon: Difference between revisions
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See: [[Gemstone like compound#Carbons versatility]] | See: [[Gemstone like compound#Carbons versatility]] | ||
'''sp<sup>3</sup> allotropes:''' | |||
* Diamond (cubic) | |||
* Lonstaleite (hexagonal) | |||
* ... | |||
'''sp<sup>2</sup> allotropes:''' | |||
* Buckyballs (convex curvature; concave from inside) – weak molecular solids | |||
* Nanotubes (no curvature – flat rolled) | |||
* 3D meshes (hyperbolic curvature) | |||
* "penta graphene" (cairo pattern) | |||
* ... | |||
'''Binary compounds:''' | |||
* Silicon carbide SiC aka moissanite | |||
* carbon nitrides: beta carbon nitride and cubic gauche carbon nitride | |||
---- | |||
* Titanium carbide TiC aka titanium-khamrabaevite (cubic rock salt structure) Mohs 9-9.5 [[refractory]] | |||
* <small>Vanadium carbide VC (vanadium is not too common) vanadium-khamrabaevite <br>similar is: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium_carbide NbC] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalum_carbide TaC] (Nb is not abundant, Ta is extremely rare)</small> | |||
* Zirconium cabide ZrC [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirconium_carbide] (same structure but no natural mineral present) <br><small>similar is: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium(IV)_carbide HfC] (Hf is pretty rare)</small> | |||
* Iron carbide (this here is not cementite!!) iron-khamrabaevite (unknown stability, likely very hard) | |||
---- | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium_carbide Chromium_carbide] (various stoichiometric & structures - may point to useful covalent behavior) <br> Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongbaite Tongbaite] (refractory, Mohs 9.6; orthorhombic; 6.64g/ccm) Cr is not too abundant | |||
* Molybdenium carbide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4ncarbid (de)] Mo<sub>2</sub>C (insoluble, two modifications α and β) Mo is rather rare | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten_carbide Tungsten_carbide] (hexagonal, Mohs 9) W is rather rare | |||
---- | |||
* Fe<sub>3</sub>C, Ni<sub>3</sub>C, Co<sub>3</sub>C [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohenite cohenite] endmembers (likely rather metallic, Mohs 5.5-6) | |||
---- | |||
* copper and zinc are more electronegative => more covalent behavior => organometallic compounds | |||
---- | |||
* Boron carbide B<sub>4</sub>C [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borcarbid] (boron is not too common) | |||
* Aluminium carbide [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_carbide] (reacts with water - releases methane gas CH<sub>4</sub>) | |||
* <small>Beryllium carbide [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium_carbide Be<sub>2</sub>C] (very hard but reactive, toxic and rare)</small> | |||
* Magnesium carbide ??? | |||
* Calcium carbide [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_carbide CaC<sub>2</sub>] (an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Acetylides acetylide] - reacts with water - releases ethyne gas C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) | |||
* TODO: La, Ce, (Li, Na, K) | |||
== Related == | |||
* [[Diamondoid]] | |||
* [[Diamond]] | |||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
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* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi_bond Pi bond] | * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi_bond Pi bond] | ||
* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Orbital hybridisation] | * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Orbital hybridisation] | ||
* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbide Carbides] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Carbides Category:Carbides] | |||
* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite_intercalation_compound Graphite_intercalation_compound] KC<sub>8</sub> | |||
* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_carbido_complex Metal_carbido_complex] (Transition metal carbides) | |||
* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallocarbohedryne Metallocarbohedryne] | |||
Revision as of 15:58, 5 November 2017
See: Gemstone like compound#Carbons versatility
sp3 allotropes:
- Diamond (cubic)
- Lonstaleite (hexagonal)
- ...
sp2 allotropes:
- Buckyballs (convex curvature; concave from inside) – weak molecular solids
- Nanotubes (no curvature – flat rolled)
- 3D meshes (hyperbolic curvature)
- "penta graphene" (cairo pattern)
- ...
Binary compounds:
- Silicon carbide SiC aka moissanite
- carbon nitrides: beta carbon nitride and cubic gauche carbon nitride
- Titanium carbide TiC aka titanium-khamrabaevite (cubic rock salt structure) Mohs 9-9.5 refractory
- Vanadium carbide VC (vanadium is not too common) vanadium-khamrabaevite
similar is: NbC and TaC (Nb is not abundant, Ta is extremely rare) - Zirconium cabide ZrC [1] (same structure but no natural mineral present)
similar is: HfC (Hf is pretty rare) - Iron carbide (this here is not cementite!!) iron-khamrabaevite (unknown stability, likely very hard)
- Chromium_carbide (various stoichiometric & structures - may point to useful covalent behavior)
Cr3C2 Tongbaite (refractory, Mohs 9.6; orthorhombic; 6.64g/ccm) Cr is not too abundant - Molybdenium carbide (de) Mo2C (insoluble, two modifications α and β) Mo is rather rare
- Tungsten_carbide (hexagonal, Mohs 9) W is rather rare
- Fe3C, Ni3C, Co3C cohenite endmembers (likely rather metallic, Mohs 5.5-6)
- copper and zinc are more electronegative => more covalent behavior => organometallic compounds
- Boron carbide B4C [2] (boron is not too common)
- Aluminium carbide [3] (reacts with water - releases methane gas CH4)
- Beryllium carbide Be2C (very hard but reactive, toxic and rare)
- Magnesium carbide ???
- Calcium carbide CaC2 (an acetylide - reacts with water - releases ethyne gas C2H2)
- TODO: La, Ce, (Li, Na, K)
Related
External links
- Wikipedia: Pi bond
- Wikipedia: Orbital hybridisation
- Wikipedia: Carbides and Category:Carbides
- Wikipedia: Graphite_intercalation_compound KC8
- Wikipedia: Metal_carbido_complex (Transition metal carbides)
- Wikipedia: Metallocarbohedryne