Gemstone-like compound: Difference between revisions
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Created page with "Diamondoid materials encompass all materials that * do not diffuse at room temperature * are stiff enough to keep their shape under thermal movement * have dense three dimens..." |
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* (not necessarily but desirable) do not react or dissolve in water | * (not necessarily but desirable) do not react or dissolve in water | ||
==list of potential structural compounds== | |||
If one looks at the most common / most accessible elements and their simplest compounds one finds a list of potential structural building materials: | If one looks at the most common / most accessible elements and their simplest compounds one finds a list of potential structural building materials: | ||
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* SiO2 quartz (& allotropes) | * SiO2 quartz (& allotropes) | ||
* Al2O3 aluminum oxide - aka sapphire | * Al2O3 aluminum oxide - aka sapphire | ||
* Fe3C iron carbide aka cementite | |||
* iron silicides & iron borides ? - unknown properties | |||
* FeS2 FeS iron sulfides - pyrite marcasite ... | |||
* Fe2O3 Fe3O4 hämatite magnetite | |||
* Cu3P CuS (copper is rare) | |||
Surisingly titanium forms chemically rather stable compounds with many nonmetals. | Surisingly titanium forms chemically rather stable compounds with many nonmetals. | ||
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* TiS titanium sulphide | * TiS titanium sulphide | ||
* TiO2 Ti2O3 titanium oxides | * TiO2 Ti2O3 titanium oxides | ||
===materials which very slowly dissolve in water but are thought to be rather nontoxic=== | |||
* Al4C3 | |||
* AlN (oxidizes on air) | |||
* the three natural allotropes of elementar phosphorus | |||
* S2N2 S4N4 (SN)x - diamondoid? | |||
* allotropes of elementar sulfur | |||
simplest most water stable compounds of abundant alkaline eart metals | |||
* MgB2 magnesium diboride (high temperature superconductor) | |||
* MgO magnesium oxide aka magnesia | |||
* CaB2 calcium diboride | |||
* CaS calcium sulfite | |||
most water stable solid fluorides | |||
* TiF3 titanium fluoride | |||
* MgF2 magnesium fluoride aka sellaide | |||
* CaF2 calcium fluoride aka fluorite | |||
==dangerous materials to stay away from== | |||
* solid nitrogen (except you want to make highly potent explosives) | |||
* AlP extremely toxic | |||
* Al2S3 highly toxic | |||
* sulphur phosphorus compounds - highly toxic | |||
* Fe3P | |||
* BF3 BCl3 PCl3 | |||
Revision as of 23:52, 30 November 2013
Diamondoid materials encompass all materials that
- do not diffuse at room temperature
- are stiff enough to keep their shape under thermal movement
- have dense three dimensional networks of covalent bonds - (short bond loops => no polymeres)
- (not necessarily but desirable) do not react or dissolve in water
list of potential structural compounds
If one looks at the most common / most accessible elements and their simplest compounds one finds a list of potential structural building materials:
Compounds that do not react or dissolve in water:
- carbon in diamond lonsdaleite or intermediate forms
- silicon carbide (also cubic or hexagonal)
- silicon (also cubic or hexagonal)
- B4C boron carbide
- SiB4; SiB6 ?
- four allotropes of elementar boron
- AlB12
- beta-C3N4 beta carbon nitride
- N4Si3 silicon nitride
- cubic BN cubic boron nitride
- BP boron phosphide
- SiO2 quartz (& allotropes)
- Al2O3 aluminum oxide - aka sapphire
- Fe3C iron carbide aka cementite
- iron silicides & iron borides ? - unknown properties
- FeS2 FeS iron sulfides - pyrite marcasite ...
- Fe2O3 Fe3O4 hämatite magnetite
- Cu3P CuS (copper is rare)
Surisingly titanium forms chemically rather stable compounds with many nonmetals.
- TiC titanium carbide
- TiSi2 ?(unknown properties)
- TiB2 titanium diboride
- TiN titanium nitride
- TiP Titanium Phoshide (too metallic?)
- TiS titanium sulphide
- TiO2 Ti2O3 titanium oxides
materials which very slowly dissolve in water but are thought to be rather nontoxic
- Al4C3
- AlN (oxidizes on air)
- the three natural allotropes of elementar phosphorus
- S2N2 S4N4 (SN)x - diamondoid?
- allotropes of elementar sulfur
simplest most water stable compounds of abundant alkaline eart metals
- MgB2 magnesium diboride (high temperature superconductor)
- MgO magnesium oxide aka magnesia
- CaB2 calcium diboride
- CaS calcium sulfite
most water stable solid fluorides
- TiF3 titanium fluoride
- MgF2 magnesium fluoride aka sellaide
- CaF2 calcium fluoride aka fluorite
dangerous materials to stay away from
- solid nitrogen (except you want to make highly potent explosives)
- AlP extremely toxic
- Al2S3 highly toxic
- sulphur phosphorus compounds - highly toxic
- Fe3P
- BF3 BCl3 PCl3