Nonbonded forces

The classification is intentionally kept nonstandard here.

Exchange interaction related forces

• Pauli repulsion – almost the only repulsive non-bonded force and the most important one – (related to degeneration pressure)
• attractive exchange – expanding the space for an electron rather than squeezing it – (leads to covalent bonding beyond non-bonded forces)

Basically the Heisenberg uncertainty phase space see-saw.
Squeezing electrons in space implies necessary expansion in impulse and thus kinetic energy.

Coulombic forces

• monopole Coulombic forces => ionic forces – can be strongly attractive but not always counted to non-bonded forces(?)
• multipole forces ~> leads to Keesom and Debye forces that are subsummized by van der Waals forces (below) as the ones featuring real dipoles

Van der Waals forces

Dipole-dipole interactions

• Hydrogen bonds
• Keesom force (real to real) – it should be possible for these to be acting repulsively

These are not dispersion forces as no virtual dipoles are involved. (wiki-TODO: Check that later.)

Dispersion forces (i.e. virtual dipoles involved)

• Debye force (virtual to real)
• London force (virtual to virtual)

Related

• Bonded forces

---

• Intercrystolecular forces, Nonbonded forces, Nonbonded interactions, Van der Waals force
• Assembly from atomically precise nanoscale and microscale parts
• Assembly level 2 (gem-gum factory) & Crystolecule assembly robotics

---

• Intercrystolecular interactions
• Intercrystolecular snapping modes
• Intercrystolecular levitation