Biominerals: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Calcite_jaune.jpg|800px|thumb|right|A crystal of calcite (a polymorph of calcium carbonate CaCO<sub>3</sub>) one of a few attractive bio-minerals]] | |||
== Classified by oxoacid salt anion == | == Classified by oxoacid salt anion == | ||
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=== Phosphates === | === Phosphates === | ||
calcium phosphate with crystal water (bones, enamel, ...) | |||
* hydroxy-appatipe – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyapatite] – '''Mohs 5 (defining mineral)''' – hexagonal | * hydroxy-appatipe – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyapatite] – '''Mohs 5 (defining mineral)''' – hexagonal | ||
Wikipedia: ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apatite apatite]) | Wikipedia: ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apatite apatite]) | ||
=== Silicates === | === Silicates === | ||
* hydroxy-silicates – diatoms | * hydroxy-silicates – diatoms (tiny glass making sea creatures) | ||
('''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz Quartz] is the defining mineral for Mohs 7'''. Biogenic silica is likely softer though. To check.) | ('''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz Quartz] is the defining mineral for Mohs 7'''. Biogenic silica is likely softer though. To check.) | ||
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---- | ---- | ||
* Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness] | * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness] | ||
Remaining Mohs scale defining minerals (not as | |||
* 6 orthoclase | == Remaining Mohs scale defining minerals (not as bio-minerals) == | ||
* 7 (abiotic) quartz | |||
* 8 topaz | * 6 [[orthoclase]] | ||
* 9 sapphire (= corundum) | * 7 (abiotic) [[quartz]] | ||
* 10 diamond | * 8 [[topaz]] | ||
* 9 [[sapphire]] (= corundum) | |||
* 10 [[diamond]] | |||
= Related = | |||
* [[In solvent synthesizable gemstone-like compounds]] | |||
* [[Technology level II]] | |||
* [[Biomineralization]] | |||
* [[Polyoxymetalates]] | |||
= External links = | = External links = | ||
| Line 61: | Line 70: | ||
---- | ---- | ||
Interesting reprocessing use of bio-minerals: | Interesting reprocessing use of bio-minerals: | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_china] | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_china Bone_china] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:29, 13 June 2021
Classified by oxoacid salt anion
Carbonates
calcium carbonate (sea shells, corals, ...):
- calcite CaCO3 – [1] – Mohs 3 (defining mineral) – trigonal
- aragonite CaCO3 – [2] – Mohs 3.5-4.0 – orthorhombic
Phosphates
calcium phosphate with crystal water (bones, enamel, ...)
- hydroxy-appatipe – [3] – Mohs 5 (defining mineral) – hexagonal
Wikipedia: (apatite)
Silicates
- hydroxy-silicates – diatoms (tiny glass making sea creatures)
(Quartz is the defining mineral for Mohs 7. Biogenic silica is likely softer though. To check.)
Sulfates (quite soft and soluble)
- gypsum CaSO4·2H2O – [4] – Mohs 2 (defining mineral) – monoclinic
- baryte BaSO4 – [5] – Mohs 3.0-3.5 – 4.3g/ccm-5.0g/ccm – orthorhombic
- celestine SrSO4 – [6] – Mohs 3-.0-3.5 – 3.95g/ccm-3.97g/ccm – orthorhombic
Simple Salts
- Fluorite CaF2 – Mohs 4 (defining mineral) – cubic
Iron minerals
- pyrite FeS2 – [7] – Mohs 6.0-6.5 – cubic
- marcasite FeS2 – [8] – Mohs 6.0-6.5 – orthorhombic
- magnetite Fe3O4 – [9] – Mohs 5.5-6.5 – cubic
- greigite Fe3S4 – [10] – Mohs 4.0-4.5 – cubic
- goethit FeO(OH) [11] – [12] – Mohs 5.9-5.5 – orthorhombic
Related
- gemstone-like compounds
- Iron cluster
- Zinc finger
- Wikipedia: Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness
Remaining Mohs scale defining minerals (not as bio-minerals)
- 6 orthoclase
- 7 (abiotic) quartz
- 8 topaz
- 9 sapphire (= corundum)
- 10 diamond
Related
- In solvent synthesizable gemstone-like compounds
- Technology level II
- Biomineralization
- Polyoxymetalates
External links
Wikipedia:
Interesting reprocessing use of bio-minerals: