The feel of atoms - Revision history

Apm: Category:Surprising facts

2026-03-29T20:46:54Z

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	* [[Lower stiffness of smaller machinery]] – (and why it's not a problem)		* [[Lower stiffness of smaller machinery]] – (and why it's not a problem)
	* [[Same relative deflections across scales]]		* [[Same relative deflections across scales]]

			[[Category:Surprising facts]]

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2022-09-28T07:39:28Z

Related: added * Same relative deflections across scales

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	* [[Lower stiffness of smaller machinery]] – (and why it's not a problem)		* [[Lower stiffness of smaller machinery]] – (and why it's not a problem)
			* [[Same relative deflections across scales]]

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2022-09-28T07:38:44Z

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	== Related ==		== Related ==

	* [[Lower stiffness of smaller machinery]]		* [[Lower stiffness of smaller machinery]] – (and why it's not a problem)

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added * Lower stiffness of smaller machinery

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			== Related ==

			* [[Lower stiffness of smaller machinery]]

Apm: added back-link to page: Intuitive feel

2018-08-21T16:46:21Z

added back-link to page: Intuitive feel

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			Up: [[Intuitive feel]]

	= How does it feel when you grab two atoms and rub them against each other? =		= How does it feel when you grab two atoms and rub them against each other? =

Apm: Apm moved page The feel of Atoms to The feel of atoms: faulty capitalization

2018-08-13T18:39:53Z

Apm moved page The feel of Atoms to The feel of atoms: faulty capitalization

← Older revision	Revision as of 20:39, 13 August 2018
(No difference)

Apm: moved stuff as is to here from Intuitive feel

2018-08-13T18:32:22Z

moved stuff as is to here from Intuitive feel

New page

= How does it feel when you grab two atoms and rub them against each other? =

[[File:Novint_Falcon.jpg|thumb|right|Force feedback devices like this one allow one to gain a very intimate understanding of how things behave at the scale of atoms.]]

First I should note that trying this out for real is actually possible for quite a while now (as unbelievable as it may sound).
To feel atoms you grab the end of a robot (you shake hands with it). A tiny needle with a single atom at the tip is then made to move exactly like your hand just on a lot smaller scale. When the topmost atom on the needle tip starts to touch an atom on a surface the robot arm pushes back just as the surface pushes back on the needle albeit with a magnified force big enough for you to conveniently feel it. This is called force feedback (commonly known from car racing games).

Two analogies that might convey what it feels like best are:
* rubbing soft slippery fish or water soaked gummy bears against each other
* moving two magnets past each other in repulsive (but sometimes also attractive) configuration

Moving the robot arm in and outward you can check out softness and moving sideward you can check out slipperiness.

== Slipperiness ==

Atoms are ridiculously slippery. Like the moon orbiting the earth there's basically no friction.
If certain conditions are met this low friction can be retained for larger contact areas than just the single atom on the tip of our probing needle.
One condition is that the atomic ripples on a touching pair of larger surfaces must not interlock like matching egg-crates. If this and a few other things are met there is extremely low friction. It is called the [[superlubrication]] phenomenon and it has enormous potential for technical usage in slide bearings of all kinds.

== Softness ==

So how does it feel to break a single bond between two atoms?
Since I can't let you pull on this robot arm over the web lets turn the robot arm facing downwards and tie an empty plastic bottle onto it in which we will later fill some water. We can also use a simple coil spring instead of the robot arm giving force feedback

For realism we can make the robot arm behave exactly as stiff as the bond between two atoms.
Caution! Please do not mistake stiffness with force. Stiffness is how much the force grows per the length you pull.
A bond between two atoms obviously has only a tiny force but this force builds up on a tiny distance.
Thus while the robot arm needs to magnify both force and length the stiffness of the bond turns out to be in the right size such that the robot arm can simulate it 1:1.

Now here's a quiz: Assuming you fill half a liter of water into the plastic bottle how much will the robot arm simulating the stiffness of a bond between two carbon atoms in diamond give (very roughly)<br> A:~1mm ☐ B:~1cm ☐ C:~1dm ☐

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Hidden solution:
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* A bond between two carbon atoms in (C-C bond) in diamond has a (maximum) spring constant of: k = 440N/m =~ 450g/cm. <br>Thus half a liter of water which makes 500g bends the setup ~1cm so the answer is B:~1cm ☒. That feels pretty soft to the hand.
* halving the size -> halves the stiffness ... this is an instance of a [[scaling law]] of whom you'll here a lot here
* Just remember: '''The smaller things are the floppier they become.''' Even diamond one of the strongest materials in existence feels pretty soft at the scale of single atomic bonds.
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