Silicon - Revision history

Apm: /* Related */

2025-09-21T10:37:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:37, 21 September 2025
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	* [[Mining]]		* [[Mining]]
	----		----
	* Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> [[silicon nitride]] (~~Nierite~~)		* Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> [[silicon nitride]] (nierite)

Apm: /* Related */

2025-09-21T10:36:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:36, 21 September 2025
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	* [[Mining]]		* [[Mining]]
	----		----
	* ~~[[Nierite]] =~~ Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> silicon nitride		* Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> [[silicon nitride]] (Nierite)

Apm: /* Silicon dioxide SiO2 */

2025-09-05T09:32:53Z

Silicon dioxide SiO2

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:32, 5 September 2025
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	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz Quartz] (Mohs 7 by definition \| density 2.65 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) <br> α-quartz: trigonal -- β-quartz: hexagonal		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz Quartz] (Mohs 7 by definition \| density 2.65 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) <br> α-quartz: trigonal -- β-quartz: hexagonal
	----		----
	* [~~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stishovite~~ Stishovite] ('''Mohs 9-9.5 \| density 4.287 g/cm<sup>3</sup>''' \| tetragonal - [[rutile structure\|rutile group]])		* '''[[Stishovite]]''' ('''Mohs 9-9.5 \| density 4.287 g/cm<sup>3</sup>''' \| tetragonal - [[rutile structure\|rutile group]]) – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stishovite Stishovite]
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seifertite Seifertite] ('''Mohs ~9 \| density 4.294 g/cm<sup>3</sup>''' \| orthorhombic - resembles scrutinyite α-PbO<sub>2</sub>)		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seifertite Seifertite] ('''Mohs ~9 \| density 4.294 g/cm<sup>3</sup>''' \| orthorhombic - resembles scrutinyite α-PbO<sub>2</sub>)
	----		----

Apm: /* Related */

2025-09-05T09:07:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:07, 5 September 2025
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	* [[Mining]]		* [[Mining]]
	----		----
	* [[Nierite]] = (Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> silicon nitride		* [[Nierite]] = Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> silicon nitride

Apm: /* Related */ added link to: Nierite

2025-09-05T09:07:48Z

Related: added link to: Nierite

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:07, 5 September 2025
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	* Elements in the same group: [[Carbon]], '''Silicon''', [[Germanium]], [[Tin]], [[Lead]] <br> Tin and lead are actually surprisingly abundant for their high period. Lead thanks to being at the end of many decay chains. Germanium is quite rare.		* Elements in the same group: [[Carbon]], '''Silicon''', [[Germanium]], [[Tin]], [[Lead]] <br> Tin and lead are actually surprisingly abundant for their high period. Lead thanks to being at the end of many decay chains. Germanium is quite rare.
	* [[Mining]]		* [[Mining]]
			----
			* [[Nierite]] = (Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> silicon nitride

Apm: /* Related */ added note on abundances

2022-12-11T12:55:37Z

Related: added note on abundances

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:55, 11 December 2022
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	* [[Chemical element]]		* [[Chemical element]]
	* Elements in the same group: [[Carbon]], '''Silicon''', [[Germanium]], [[Tin]], [[Lead]]		* Elements in the same group: [[Carbon]], '''Silicon''', [[Germanium]], [[Tin]], [[Lead]] <br> Tin and lead are actually surprisingly abundant for their high period. Lead thanks to being at the end of many decay chains. Germanium is quite rare.
	* [[Mining]]		* [[Mining]]

Apm: /* Related / added link to Mining

2022-12-11T11:41:01Z

Related: added link to * Mining

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:41, 11 December 2022
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	* [[Chemical element]]		* [[Chemical element]]
	* Elements in the same group: [[Carbon]], '''Silicon''', [[Germanium]], [[Tin]], [[Lead]]		* Elements in the same group: [[Carbon]], '''Silicon''', [[Germanium]], [[Tin]], [[Lead]]
			* [[Mining]]


	[[Category:Chemical element]]		[[Category:Chemical element]]

Apm: /* Related */ Category:Chemical element

2021-06-13T20:18:51Z

Related: Category:Chemical element

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:18, 13 June 2021
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	* [[Chemical element]]		* [[Chemical element]]
	* Elements in the same group: [[Carbon]], '''Silicon''', [[Germanium]], [[Tin]], [[Lead]]		* Elements in the same group: [[Carbon]], '''Silicon''', [[Germanium]], [[Tin]], [[Lead]]

			[[Category:Chemical element]]

	== External Links ==		== External Links ==

Apm at 17:49, 14 April 2021

2021-04-14T17:49:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:49, 14 April 2021
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	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz Quartz] (Mohs 7 by definition \| density 2.65 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) <br> α-quartz: trigonal -- β-quartz: hexagonal		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz Quartz] (Mohs 7 by definition \| density 2.65 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) <br> α-quartz: trigonal -- β-quartz: hexagonal
	----		----
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stishovite Stishovite] ('''Mohs 9-9.5 \| density 4.287 g/cm<sup>3</sup>''' \| tetragonal - rutile group)		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stishovite Stishovite] ('''Mohs 9-9.5 \| density 4.287 g/cm<sup>3</sup>''' \| tetragonal - [[rutile structure\|rutile group]])
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seifertite Seifertite] ('''Mohs ~9 \| density 4.294 g/cm<sup>3</sup>''' \| orthorhombic - resembles scrutinyite α-PbO<sub>2</sub>)		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seifertite Seifertite] ('''Mohs ~9 \| density 4.294 g/cm<sup>3</sup>''' \| orthorhombic - resembles scrutinyite α-PbO<sub>2</sub>)
	----		----

Apm: /* Stishovite and Seifertite */ moved list of compounds over to: rutile structure and cleaned up text to fit new situation

2021-04-14T11:12:38Z

Stishovite and Seifertite: moved list of compounds over to: rutile structure and cleaned up text to fit new situation

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:12, 14 April 2021
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	* hypervalent silicon with a coordination number of six instead the normal four and		* hypervalent silicon with a coordination number of six instead the normal four and
	* hypervalent oxygen with coordination number three instead of the normal two.		* hypervalent oxygen with coordination number three instead of the normal two.
	This causes ~~their~~ unusually high density and hardness. <br>		This is probably what causes the unusually high density and hardness. <br>
	~~They~~ are metastable at unpressurized conditions.		<small>Related: [[Hypervalency]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervalent_molecule];
			Three center four electron bond [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-center_four-electron_bond]
			formerly thought to be sp<sup>3</sup>d<sup>2</sup> hybridisation.</small>

			Stishovite and Seifertite are metastable at unpressurized conditions. <br>
	And surprisingly more chemically stable than plain quartz. It is not attacked by hydrofluoric acid HF.		And surprisingly more chemically stable than plain quartz. It is not attacked by hydrofluoric acid HF.

	To increase stability at the cost of hardness, ~~checkerboard [[neo-polymorph]]s can~~ be ~~created by <br>~~		To increase high temperature stability at the cost of hardness, it may be possible to substitute some of the silicon atoms <be>
	~~replacing~~ some of the silicon with other suitable elements that ~~crystallize~~ in the same ~~crystal~~ structure~~. <br>~~		with atoms of other suitable elements that would make in case of a 100% substitution termodynamically more stable minerals in the same crysral structure (the [[rutile structure]]). <br>
	~~Namely the [[rutile structure\|rutile group crystal structure]].~~		Such a substitution in a checkerboard patterned way done via [[force applying mechanosynthesis]] can make makes [[neo-polymorph]] materials.

	~~Stishovite can form [[pseudo phase diagram\|a continuum]] to~~ the ~~minerals with~~ [[rutile structure]] ~~(here ordered by elemental abundance in earths crust~~):
	* '''[https://en.~~wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutile Rutile] TiO~~<~~sub>2</sub~~> ~~(Mohs 6-6.5 \| titanium is very abundant)'''~~
	* [~~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolusite Pyrolusite] MnO<sub>2</sub> (Mohs 6-6.5 \| Mn is not too rare but todays mining is environmentally destructive)~~
	* [~~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium_dioxide Niobium dioxide = Niob(IV)-oxid~~] ~~NbO<sub>2</sub>~~
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiterite Cassierite] ~~SnO<sub>2</sub> (Mohs 6-7)~~
	* [~~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plattnerite Plattnerite] β-PbO<sub>2</sub> (Mohs 5.5 unusually hard for a lead compound \| '''useful high density of ~9 g/cm<sup>3</sup>''')~~
	* Note that lead Pb tin Sn and niobium Nb are similar in their not too high abundance.
	~~----~~
	* [~~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argutite Argutite] GeO<sub>2</sub> (Mohs 6~~-~~7 \| germanium is pretty rare)~~
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripuhyite Tripuhyite] FeSbO<sub>4</sub> (Mohs 6-7 \| Antimony Sb is a little more rare than germanium Ge.<br> The much more common phosphorus analog FePO<sub>4</sub> forms a soft hydroxide [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strengite Strengite] ~~with different crystal structure)~~
	* [https://de.~~wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratellurit Paratellurit (de)] TeO<sub>2</sub> (soft compound and tellurium is extremely rare)~~

	~~Related~~: [[~~Hypervalency~~]] [~~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervalent_molecule~~]~~; Three center four electron bond [https://en~~.~~wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-center_four-electron_bond] formerly thought to be sp~~<~~sup~~>~~3</sup>d<sup>2</sup> hybridisation~~		That is: stishovite can form [[pseudo phase diagram\|a continuum]] to the minerals with [[rutile structure]]. <br>
			'''See "[[rutile structure]]" for a list of elements that are potentially compatible for atom substitution in stishovite without too much crystal structure disturbance.'''

	== Misc ==		== Misc ==

Silicon - Revision history

Apm: /* Related */

Apm: /* Related */

Apm: /* Silicon dioxide SiO2 */

Apm: /* Related */

Apm: /* Related */ added link to: Nierite

Apm: /* Related */ added note on abundances

Apm: /* Related */ added link to * Mining

Apm: /* Related */ Category:Chemical element

Apm at 17:49, 14 April 2021

Apm: /* Stishovite and Seifertite */ moved list of compounds over to: rutile structure and cleaned up text to fit new situation

Apm: /* Related / added link to Mining