Salts of oxoacids - Revision history

Apm: /* Related */

2021-07-01T19:57:32Z

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	* [[Oxygen]]		* [[Oxygen]]
			* [[Gemstone like compounds]]
			* [[Gemstone like compounds with high potential]]

	== External links ==		== External links ==

Apm: /* Salts of metal oxoacids */ added oxyanions and germanates

2021-07-01T19:55:58Z

Salts of metal oxoacids: added oxyanions and germanates

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:55, 1 July 2021
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	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Transition_metal_oxoacids Category:Transition_metal_oxoacids]		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Transition_metal_oxoacids Category:Transition_metal_oxoacids]
			* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Oxyanions Category:Oxyanions]
			* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanate Germanate]

	=== Titanates (salts of titanic acid) ===		=== Titanates (salts of titanic acid) ===

Apm: /* Titanates (salts of titanic acid) */ added a lot of links

2021-07-01T19:45:12Z

Titanates (salts of titanic acid): added a lot of links

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	* MgTiO<sub>3</sub> – [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesiumtitanoxid Magnesium titanate (de)] – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geikielite geikelite] – trigonal rhombohedral – Mohs5-6 – 1610°C		* MgTiO<sub>3</sub> – [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesiumtitanoxid Magnesium titanate (de)] – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geikielite geikelite] – trigonal rhombohedral – Mohs5-6 – 1610°C
	* FeTiO<sub>3</sub> – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmenite ilmenite] – trigonal rhombohedral (like sapphire) – Mohs 5-6		* FeTiO<sub>3</sub> – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmenite ilmenite] – trigonal rhombohedral (like sapphire) – Mohs 5-6
			* MnTiO<sub>3</sub> – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrophanite pyrophanite]
	----		----
	Perovskite structure:		Perovskite structure:
	* CaTiO<sub>3</sub> – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_titanate Calcium titanate] – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite perovskite] – orthorhombic – Mohs 5.0-5.5 – 1975°C		* CaTiO<sub>3</sub> – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_titanate Calcium titanate] – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite perovskite] – orthorhombic – Mohs 5.0-5.5 – 1975°C
	* SrTiO<sub>3</sub> – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium_titanate Strontium titanate]		* SrTiO<sub>3</sub> – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium_titanate Strontium titanate] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tausonite tausonite] – cubic – Mohs6.0-6.5 – 4.88g/ccm – n=2.4
	* BaTiO<sub>3</sub> – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_titanate Barium titanate]		* BaTiO<sub>3</sub> – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_titanate Barium titanate] [https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?lang=en&language=english&mineral=Barioperowskit Barioperowskit (mineralienatlas)] – ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_orthotitanate Barium orthotitanate] – electroceranic – hygroscopic)
			* PbTiO<sub>3</sub> – [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_titanate Lead titanate] – [https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?lang=en&language=english&mineral=Macedonit macedonite (mineralienatlas)] – Mohs 5.5-6.0
			* Other more complex structure: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth_titanate Bismuth_titanate]
	----		----
			* Al<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub> [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiumtitanat aluminium titanate (de)] – decays to rutile and sapphire on heating
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_zirconate_titanate Lead zirconate titanate]		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_zirconate_titanate Lead zirconate titanate]
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_copper_titanate Calcium copper titanate]		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_copper_titanate Calcium copper titanate]

Apm: /* Salts of metal oxoacids */ added some basic titanates

2021-07-01T19:22:36Z

Salts of metal oxoacids: added some basic titanates

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 == Salts of metal oxoacids ==
-TODO ...
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Transition_metal_oxoacids Category:Transition_metal_oxoacids]
 == Related ==

Apm: /* Sulfate minerals */ added copper sulfate

2021-07-01T14:04:56Z

Sulfate minerals: added copper sulfate

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	One of the harder ones is brochantite [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brochantite (wikipedia)] - (Mohs 3.5-4)		One of the harder ones is brochantite [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brochantite (wikipedia)] - (Mohs 3.5-4)
	* CaSO<sub>4</sub> anhydrite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhydrite] (decomposes slowly to hydroxyde gypsum)		* CaSO<sub>4</sub> anhydrite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhydrite] (decomposes slowly to hydroxyde gypsum)
			-----
			Very common chemical. Not at all useful as structural material though:
			* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper(II)_sulfate Copper(II) sulfate] – copper sulfate pentahydrate [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcanthite Chalcanthite] – Mohs 2.5 – very soft

	== Borate minerals ==		== Borate minerals ==

Apm: /* Carbonate minerals */ added infos to malachite

2021-07-01T13:56:08Z

Carbonate minerals: added infos to malachite

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	Copper:		Copper:
	* Cu2CO3(OH)2 malachite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malachite]		* Cu2CO3(OH)2 malachite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malachite] – Monoclinic – Mohs 3.5-4.0
	* Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 azurite – Monoclinic – Mohs 3.5-4.0 – (complex structure)		* Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 azurite – Monoclinic – Mohs 3.5-4.0 – (complex structure)

Apm: /* Silicates (& Quartz) */ added tephroite to isostructural list

2021-06-26T12:32:49Z

Silicates (& Quartz): added tephroite to isostructural list

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	==== Neo-polymorphic transitions ====		==== Neo-polymorphic transitions ====

	The low pressure modifications forsterite and fayalite are isostructural (atoms at the same places). <br>		The low pressure modifications forsterite and fayalite (and tephroite, ... see further below) are all isostructural (atoms at the same places). <br>
	This allows for [[neo-polymorph]]s spanning the natural mixing series. Just checkerpatterned as deisred. <br>		This allows for [[neo-polymorph]]s spanning the natural mixing series. Just checkerpatterned as deisred. <br>
	{{wikitodo\|Magnesium and iron are pretty far apart in the periodic table – find out why they behave so similar electronically in these minerals}}		{{wikitodo\|Magnesium and iron are pretty far apart in the periodic table – find out why they behave so similar electronically in these minerals}}

Apm: /* Phosphate minerals */

2021-06-26T12:04:17Z

Phosphate minerals

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	* Fe'''PO<sub>4</sub>''' heterosite [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterosit Wikipedia:Heterosit(de)] – '''orthorhombic dipyramidal''' – Mohs 4-4.5		* Fe'''PO<sub>4</sub>''' heterosite [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterosit Wikipedia:Heterosit(de)] – '''orthorhombic dipyramidal''' – Mohs 4-4.5
	----		----
	* Mn'''PO<sub>4</sub>''' purpurite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpurite] – '''ortorhombic dipyramidal''' – Mohs 4-5 (~~unabundant~~ manganese)		* Mn'''PO<sub>4</sub>''' purpurite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpurite] – '''ortorhombic dipyramidal''' – Mohs 4-5 (manganese is not too abundant) – (is that impressive color material inherent rather due to impurities?)
	* Zn<sub>2</sub>Fe(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>•4H<sub>2</sub>O Phosphophyllite [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphophyllite (wikipedia)] – monoclinic – zinc iron phosphate - rather soft (Mohs 3.5) – rather soft		* Zn<sub>2</sub>Fe(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>•4H<sub>2</sub>O Phosphophyllite [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphophyllite (wikipedia)] – monoclinic – zinc iron phosphate - rather soft (Mohs 3.5) – rather soft
	* Pb<sub>5</sub>'''(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>'''Cl pyromorphite [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyromorphite (wikipedia)] – '''hexahonal dipyramidal''' – Mohs 3.5 – (relatively hard for a lead mineral)		* Pb<sub>5</sub>'''(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>'''Cl pyromorphite [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyromorphite (wikipedia)] – '''hexahonal dipyramidal''' – Mohs 3.5 – (relatively hard for a lead mineral)

Apm: /* Nitrate and Aluminates */ improvement

2021-06-26T11:49:30Z

Nitrate and Aluminates: improvement

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	== Nitrate and Aluminates ==		== Nitrate and Aluminates ==

	~~All~~ rather water soluble. See: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nitrate_minerals (wikipedia - minerals)]		Nitrates are typically rather water soluble. <br>
	[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nitrates (wikipedia - artificial)]		While that migh be desired for intentional degradability of inner normally sealed structures <br>
			nitrates are also typically extremely soft, strongly limiting their applicability for mechanical purposes. <br>
			See: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nitrate_minerals (wikipedia - natural nitrate minerals)] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nitrates (wikipedia - artificial nitrates)]

	Aluminates: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminate (wikipedia)]		----

			Aluminates: <br>
			[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminate (wikipedia)]

	== Salts of metal oxoacids ==		== Salts of metal oxoacids ==

Apm: /* Carbonate minerals */ big cleanup

2021-06-26T10:58:50Z

Carbonate minerals: big cleanup

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:58, 26 June 2021
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	[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Carbonates (wikipedia - artificial)]		[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Carbonates (wikipedia - artificial)]

	* [[Calcite]] Mohs 3 (defining mineral) & Aragonite Mohs 3.5-4 ~~- calcium~~		Many may be isostructural and amenable to making [[neo-polymorph]]s (to check). <br>
	* Magnesite Mohs 3.5-4.5 ~~- magnesium~~		The relatively low symmetry crystal structure may be a bit annoying. <br>
	* CaMg'''(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>''' Dolomite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomite_(mineral)] – Mohs 3.5-4 ~~– Trigonal Rhombohedral~~		Degradability solubility properties when exposed to the weather as spill may be decent. <br>
	* Siderite - iron		(Only relevant if that is the design goal).
	* Smithsonite - zinc
	* Malachite & Azurite - copper		Calcium:
	* Rhodochrosite - manganese (rare)		* CaCO<sub>3</sub> [[Calcite]] Mohs 3 (defining mineral)
	* ...		* CaCO<sub>3</sub> Aragonite Mohs 3.5-4
	* Mg<sub>3</sub>Ca'''(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>''' Huntite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntite] Mohs 1-2 (~~very~~ soft!)
	* Pb'''CO<sub>3</sub>''' Cerussite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerussite] Mohs 3-3.5 (soft)		Magnesium:
			* MgCO<sub>3</sub> Magnesite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesite] – trigonal – Mohs 3.5-4.5

			Both:
			* CaMg'''(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>''' Dolomite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomite_(mineral)] – trigonal rhombohedral – Mohs 3.5-4
			* Mg<sub>3</sub>Ca'''(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>''' Huntite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntite] – trigonal – '''Mohs 1-2 (way too soft!)'''

			Copper:
			* Cu2CO3(OH)2 malachite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malachite]
			* Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 azurite – Monoclinic – Mohs 3.5-4.0 – (complex structure)

			Iron, zinc, manganese, lead:
			* FeCO<sub>3</sub> Siderite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siderite] – Trigonal – Mohs MgCO<sub>3</sub>
			* ZnCO<sub>3</sub> Smithsonite [https://www.mindat.org/min-3688.html (mindat)] – trigonal – Mohs 4.0-4.5 – 4.44g/ccm
			* MnCO<sub>3</sub> Rhodochrosite – trional – Mohs 3.5-4.0 – manganese is not too abundant
			* Pb'''CO<sub>3</sub>''' Cerussite [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerussite] – '''orthorhombic dipyramidal''' – Mohs 3.0-3.5 (soft) – 6.57g/ccm

	== Sulfate minerals ==		== Sulfate minerals ==