https://apm.bplaced.net/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Implosion_nanofabricationImplosion nanofabrication - Revision history2026-04-20T14:54:59ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.0https://apm.bplaced.net/w/index.php?title=Implosion_nanofabrication&diff=12782&oldid=prevApm: basic page2022-07-02T08:13:18Z<p>basic page</p>
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Implosion fabrication is a manufacturing method that allows for very small <br><br />
(but not yet atomically precise) electric leads down to the low single digit nanometer scale <br><br />
without the need for hard to access and/or very expensive silicon chip production lab.<br />
<br />
While there are processes for making such small leads on silicon these are at the cutting edge (2022) and only accessible <br><br />
for one-off masks for processors produced in high quantities and very expensive. <br><br />
More accessible fabrication labs are still expensive (how expensive?) and much lower resolution.<br />
<br />
== Detailed summary ==<br />
<br />
Below is a bullet-pointed summary from the paper: <br><br />
"3D nanofabrication by volumetric deposition and controlled shrinkage of patterned scaffolds" <br><br />
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6420/1281<br />
<br />
'''Process:'''<br />
* starting out with acrylate hydrogel base (x10 or x20 cross-linked)<br />
* infusion with functionalized fluorescin<br />
* two photon excitation links fluorescin to hydrogel (at a second site beside the functionalised one)<br />
* "patterning": the functionalized fluorescing is linked voxel by voxel (via reverse operated optical microscope?) <br>(quite strong) anisotropic distortion can be accounted for (it's repeatable)<br />
* "removal": remaining fluorescin is washed out<br />
* repetition with differently functionalized fluorescin is possible, but contamination of the former one about 20%<br />
* depositing materials on the patterned active groups (via conjugation chemistries)<br />
* "intensification": depositing more where there already is some of the same<br />
* (in case of metals like silver: chelate excess metal to suppress conductivity at undesired places)<br />
* "shrinking": contracting hydrogel by adding hydrochloric acid or MgCl2 (only former allows next step)<br />
* "shrinking further": by dehydration<br />
* in case of metals like silver: "sintering": by repeating the optical patterning in case of deposited silver<br />
<br />
'''Limits:'''<br />
* not atomically precise (surface roughness comes near, but no control over individual atoms)<br />
* not atomically accurate<br />
* no hollow voids, scaffold remains in final product<br />
* product not resilient to water<br />
* still relatively experimental ([[technology readiness level]]?)<br />
<br />
'''Capabilities:'''<br />
* shrunken voxels ~50nm<br />
* discontinuous conductors with high conductivity<br />
* no overhang limitations (no layer by layer deposition involved, layer by layer exposure possible)<br />
* Many materials possible: metals, semiconductors, and biomolecules<br />
* in particular: highly conductive, 3D silver nanostructures within an acrylic scaffold (the dried hydrogel)<br />
* big maximal build volume (what exactly effectively after full shrinking?)<br />
* already very fast and can be made even faster<br />
<br />
== Related ==<br />
<br />
<br />
* [[Non atomically precise nanomanufacturing methods]]<br />
* [[MEMS]]</div>Apm