Experimental demonstrations of single atom manipulation - Revision history

Apm: /* Related */

2026-03-27T17:45:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 27 March 2026
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	* [[Why gemstone metamaterial technology should work in brief]]		* [[Why gemstone metamaterial technology should work in brief]]
	* [[Ultra high resolution atomically resolving imaging via SPM microscopy]]		* [[Ultra high resolution atomically resolving imaging via SPM microscopy]]
			* [[Why force applying mechanosynthesis should work in brief]]

	= External links =		= External links =

Apm: /* Related / link to yet unwritten page Ultra high resolution atomically resolving imaging via SPM microscopy

2023-06-19T13:00:48Z

Related: link to yet unwritten page * Ultra high resolution atomically resolving imaging via SPM microscopy

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:00, 19 June 2023
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	* [[Mechanosynthesis]]		* [[Mechanosynthesis]]
	* [[Why gemstone metamaterial technology should work in brief]]		* [[Why gemstone metamaterial technology should work in brief]]
			* [[Ultra high resolution atomically resolving imaging via SPM microscopy]]

	= External links =		= External links =

Apm: /* Somewhat cold to warm nonmetals */

2022-07-02T12:51:48Z

Somewhat cold to warm nonmetals

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:51, 2 July 2022
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	Flipping these can cause chain reactions like falling dominoes and this could eventually be used for computation. <br>		Flipping these can cause chain reactions like falling dominoes and this could eventually be used for computation. <br>
	[https://youtu.be/78xUNNQv0ro?t=629 (2019) video at 10:29] <br>		[https://youtu.be/78xUNNQv0ro?t=629 (2019) video at 10:29] <br>
			https://www.robertwolkow.com/ <br>

	And more things: [https://engineering.utdallas.edu/quantum-workshop/robert-wolkow.html Far Faster Fabrication of Binary Atomic Silicon Logic Circuitry]		And more things: [https://engineering.utdallas.edu/quantum-workshop/robert-wolkow.html Far Faster Fabrication of Binary Atomic Silicon Logic Circuitry]

Apm: /* Diamondoid AP tooltips */

2022-07-02T12:49:41Z

Diamondoid AP tooltips

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:49, 2 July 2022
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	* linked via three -S-CH2- bridges to a gold surface.		* linked via three -S-CH2- bridges to a gold surface.

	Video (timestamp 35:44): [https://youtu.be/VhG0_KkXWwk?list=PLH78wfbGI1x3hjH8RKrgoT6pgUG-k0vdI&t=2144]		'''Video (timestamp 35:44): [https://youtu.be/VhG0_KkXWwk?list=PLH78wfbGI1x3hjH8RKrgoT6pgUG-k0vdI&t=2144]'''
	* One diamondoid tool was created and verified		* One diamondoid tool was created and verified
	* abstraction of an atom (presumably hydrogen) from an SPM tip may have been demonstrated (?) – UV cleared		* abstraction of an atom (presumably hydrogen) from an SPM tip may have been demonstrated (?) – UV cleared
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	* Also mentioned: Expected benefit 100x to 1000x speedup from MEMS AFM/STM (UT Dallas)		* Also mentioned: Expected benefit 100x to 1000x speedup from MEMS AFM/STM (UT Dallas)

	Video (timestamp 13:57): [https://youtu.be/VhG0_KkXWwk?list=PLH78wfbGI1x3hjH8RKrgoT6pgUG-k0vdI&t=844]		'''Video (timestamp 13:57): [https://youtu.be/VhG0_KkXWwk?list=PLH78wfbGI1x3hjH8RKrgoT6pgUG-k0vdI&t=844]'''
	* Location: UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)		* Location: UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
	* Funding: seems switched to CBN (Canadian Banknote Company) – Now core of Canadas APM program?		* Funding: seems switched to CBN (Canadian Banknote Company) – Now core of Canadas APM program?

Apm: /* Diamondoid AP tooltips */ added ethyne tip in unicode

2022-07-02T11:37:00Z

Diamondoid AP tooltips: added ethyne tip in unicode

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:37, 2 July 2022
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	Specifically one of the tips supposedly tried was		Specifically one of the tips supposedly tried was
	* an ethyne radical		* an ethyne radical •C≡C-R
	* on the tip of an adamantane cage		* on the tip of an [[adamantane]] cage
	* linked via three -S-CH2- bridges to a gold surface.		* linked via three -S-CH2- bridges to a gold surface.

Apm: added section == Relation to the direct and incremental path ==

2022-07-02T11:27:52Z

added section == Relation to the direct and incremental path ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-There already have been several demonstrations that placing matter atom by atom is indeed possible even with our still very crude big and clunky current technology.
+Placing matter atom by atom is indeed possible. <br>
 * At first this was limited to extremely low temperatures (liquid helium) metallic surfaces and [[scanning probe microscopy|scanning tunneling microscopes]].
 * Later it was shown that (as expectable) on covalent surfaces atoms stay put at much higher (but still cold) temperatures (liquid nitrogen)
-* A bit of scaling up was shown too but this was all done on the easier purely metallic systems.
+* A bit of scaling up was shown too, but scaling to bigger products that retain [[positional atomic precision]] was so far (2022) all done only <br>– on the easier purely metallic systems and <br>– with 2D hydrogen abstraction on silicon
 = Diamondoid AP tooltips =
@@ Line 86: / Line 85: @@
 * the famous [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_(atoms) IBM atoms] (Xenon on nickel al liquid helium temperatures)
 = Pure metals - easiest in lab - least useful in advanced APM =
@@ Line 106: / Line 126: @@
 But this also removes information that might have been more than just random noise.
 (Method: Fourier transformation (FT) this gives an "image spectrum image" -> cutting of outer high frequency border leaving in important peaks -> backward FT)
 = Related =

Apm at 10:50, 2 July 2022

2022-07-02T10:50:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:50, 2 July 2022
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	There already have been several demonstrations that placing matter atom by atom is indeed possible even with our still very crude big and clunky current technology.		There already have been several demonstrations that placing matter atom by atom is indeed possible even with our still very crude big and clunky current technology.
	* At first this was limited to extremely low temperatures (liquid helium) metallic surfaces and [[scanning probe microscopy\|scanning tunneling microscopes]].		* At first this was limited to extremely low temperatures (liquid helium) metallic surfaces and [[scanning probe microscopy\|scanning tunneling microscopes]].
	* Later it was shown that (as expectable) on covalent surfaces ~~things~~ stay put at much higher (but still cold) temperatures (liquid nitrogen)		* Later it was shown that (as expectable) on covalent surfaces atoms stay put at much higher (but still cold) temperatures (liquid nitrogen)
	* A bit of scaling up was shown too but this was all done on the easier purely metallic systems.		* A bit of scaling up was shown too but this was all done on the easier purely metallic systems.

Apm: moved images down to corresponding sections

2022-07-02T10:48:52Z

moved images down to corresponding sections

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:48, 2 July 2022
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	[[File:1280px-NIST_HipHopAtomLogo.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Cobalt atoms precisely arranged on copper a surface. This was done at very low temperature under [[UHV]]. This is a 3D surface representation of a non 3D property that was strongly "smoothed" in post processing. Details in the main text. (Disclaimer: This wiki is not in any way associated with the National Institute of Standards and Technology - NIST) Side-note: There's a much more famous similar image made by IBM employees but it's not under a free license)]]
	~~[[File:Piezochemical-silicon-mechanosynthesis-demo.png\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Extraction an re-deposition a a single silicon atom (at 78K) was experimentally demonstrated.]]~~

	There already have been several demonstrations that placing matter atom by atom is indeed possible even with our still very crude big and clunky current technology.		There already have been several demonstrations that placing matter atom by atom is indeed possible even with our still very crude big and clunky current technology.
	* At first this was limited to extremely low temperatures (liquid helium) metallic surfaces and [[scanning probe microscopy\|scanning tunneling microscopes]].		* At first this was limited to extremely low temperatures (liquid helium) metallic surfaces and [[scanning probe microscopy\|scanning tunneling microscopes]].
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	== Somewhat cold to warm nonmetals ==		== Somewhat cold to warm nonmetals ==

			[[File:Piezochemical-silicon-mechanosynthesis-demo.png\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Extraction an re-deposition a a single silicon atom (at 78K) was experimentally demonstrated.]]

	'''Crude but more than hydrogen:''' <br>		'''Crude but more than hydrogen:''' <br>
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	== Ultracold to cold metals ==		== Ultracold to cold metals ==

			[[File:1280px-NIST_HipHopAtomLogo.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Cobalt atoms precisely arranged on copper a surface. This was done at very low temperature under [[UHV]]. This is a 3D surface representation of a non 3D property that was strongly "smoothed" in post processing. Details in the main text. (Disclaimer: This wiki is not in any way associated with the National Institute of Standards and Technology - NIST) Side-note: There's a much more famous similar image made by IBM employees but it's not under a free license)]]

	There have been demonstrations of single atom manipulation <br>		There have been demonstrations of single atom manipulation <br>

Apm: swapped chapters and added some cleanup

2022-07-02T10:46:44Z

swapped chapters and added some cleanup

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:46, 2 July 2022
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	* assembly of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mirage quantum corrals] (iron on copper)		* assembly of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mirage quantum corrals] (iron on copper)
	* the famous [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_(atoms) IBM atoms] (Xenon on nickel al liquid helium temperatures)		* the famous [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_(atoms) IBM atoms] (Xenon on nickel al liquid helium temperatures)


			= Pure metals - easiest in lab - least useful in advanced APM =

			The early research illustrates nicely why pure metals are not too suitable for advanced APM.
			* Extreme cooling is needed to keep lone surface adsorbed atoms from wildly hopping around (diffusion).
			* The free electron gas of metals (especially a 2D sheet on the surface) may complicate mechanosynthesis (just makes [[exploratory engineering\|EE]] harder.)

	= Real science - Lying images =		= Real science - Lying images =

	~~Note: Images~~ are often halfway pure reality halfway pure fantasy.		Be aware that images from various forms of [[SPM]] microscopy <br>
			are often halfway pure reality halfway pure fantasy.

	One intuitively tends to interpret brightness as topographic hight but in STM (scanning tunneling microscopy) images brightness actually only gives information about electron density (more concretely: local electron density of states at the probed bias voltage level).		One intuitively tends to interpret brightness as topographic hight but in STM (scanning tunneling microscopy) images brightness actually only gives information about electron density (more concretely: local electron density of states at the probed bias voltage level).
	This misinterpretation is often taken one step further and the pseudo-height is rendered as real 3D surface with the peaks throwing shadows. (Probably mainly because it looks pretty).		This misinterpretation is often taken one step further and '''the pseudo-height is rendered as real 3D surface with the peaks throwing shadows which is total fantasy'''. (Probably mainly because it looks pretty).

	Also since one is pushing the limits SPM (STM and AFM) images are usually very noisy.		Also since one is pushing the limits SPM (STM and AFM) images are usually very noisy.
	Since atomic lattices show high regularity/periodicity ~~one~~ researchers can be tempted to remove high frequency part of the images to make images prettier		Since atomic lattices show high regularity/periodicity researchers can be (and are) very tempted to remove high spacial frequency part of the images to make images much prettier.
	~~but~~ this also removes information that might have been more than just random noise.		Basically a brutal low pass (or band pass) filter is applied.
			But this also removes information that might have been more than just random noise.
	(Method: Fourier transformation (FT) this gives an "image spectrum image" -> cutting of outer high frequency border leaving in important peaks -> backward FT)		(Method: Fourier transformation (FT) this gives an "image spectrum image" -> cutting of outer high frequency border leaving in important peaks -> backward FT)

	~~= pure metals - easiest in lab - least useful in advanced APM =~~

	~~The early research illustrates nicely why pure metals are not too suitable for advanced APM.~~
	* Extreme cooling is needed to keep lone surface adsorbed atoms from wildly hopping around (diffusion).
	* The free electron gas of metals (especially a 2D sheet on the surface) may complicate mechanosynthesis (just makes [[exploratory engineering\|EE]] harder.)

	= Notes =		= Notes =

Apm: massive extension on earlier work

2022-07-02T10:36:46Z

massive extension on earlier work

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 Corresponding slides 21 and 12 here: [https://foresight.org/salon/amos-program-in-atomically-precise-manufacturing-and-nanocarbon-metals-tina-kaarsberg-doe/#]
 = Real science - Lying images =
@@ Line 44: / Line 90: @@
 One intuitively tends to interpret brightness as topographic hight but in STM (scanning tunneling microscopy) images brightness actually only gives information about electron density (more concretely: local electron density of states at the probed bias voltage level).
-This misinterpretation is often taken one step further and the pseudo-height is rendered as real 3D surface with the peaks throwing shadows.
+This misinterpretation is often taken one step further and the pseudo-height is rendered as real 3D surface with the peaks throwing shadows. (Probably mainly because it looks pretty).
 Also since one is pushing the limits SPM (STM and AFM) images are usually very noisy.