Cleavage planes - Revision history

Apm: /* Related */

2026-08-13T07:00:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:00, 13 August 2026
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	* [[Superelasticity]]		* [[Superelasticity]]
	* [[Hierarchical intentional breaking interfaces]]		* [[Hierarchical intentional breaking interfaces]]
			----
			* [[In place assembly]]

Apm: /* Approaches to mitigate for cleavage planes */ expanded on first point with analogy to wood-grain & FFF inter-layer adhesion

2026-08-13T06:59:34Z

Approaches to mitigate for cleavage planes: expanded on first point with analogy to wood-grain & FFF inter-layer adhesion

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:59, 13 August 2026
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	'''Interlocking nano-gemstone [[crystolecules]] in different crystal orientations:''' <br>		'''Interlocking nano-gemstone [[crystolecules]] in different crystal orientations:''' <br>
	(very much like FFF/FDM 3D printed parts ~~ofteh~~ have a weaker inter layer ~~direction adn wood has~~ a ~~grain~~. <br>		Design methodologies following ancient ones used in woodworking where wood has not one but two weak directions. Woodgrain.
			More recent very much like design methodologies for FFF/FDM 3D printed parts as these often have one particularly weaker direction due to imperfect inter-layer-adhesion. <br>
			<small>Side-note: Post assembly of 3D printed parts is still quite underused despite quite a number of benefits including more isotropic and thus overall strength.</small> <br>
			See: [[Limits of in place printing and in place mechanosysnthesis]]<br>

	'''Varying stacking order:''' <br>		'''Varying stacking order:''' <br>
	ABCABC is cubic ABAB is less isotropic hexagonal with a only one major axis insterad of four. <br>		ABCABC is cubic ABAB is less isotropic hexagonal with a only one major axis insterad of four. <br>
	Other stacking patterns are possible too (this happens naturally in [[moissanite]] (SiC)) <br>		Other stacking patterns are possible too (this happens naturally in [[moissanite]] (SiC)) <br>
	but one would likely want to make it in some less or more ~~preiodic~~ systematic pattern. <br>		but one would likely want to make it in some less or more periodic systematic pattern. <br>
	See: [[Checkerboard compound]] <br>		See: [[Checkerboard compound]] <br>

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	Fancy stuff to look at eventually. <br>		Fancy stuff to look at eventually. <br>

	Obviously avoid ~~ges~~ with ~~greally~~ pronounced ~~cleabvage~~ planes. <br>		Obviously avoid gems with really pronounced cleavage planes. <br>
	Some 2D materials like e.g. ~~slingle~~ crystalline graphite (aka HOPG) <br>		Some 2D materials like e.g. single crystalline graphite (aka HOPG) <br>
	have just mere vdW bonds in one direction. <br>		have just mere vdW bonds in one direction. <br>
	These are still not weak from a breaking marcoscale parts by human hands perspective <br>		These are still not weak from a breaking marcoscale parts by human hands perspective <br>

Apm: basic page

2026-08-13T06:45:16Z

basic page

New page

{{Stub}}

Q: Doesn't the presence of cleavage planes mean products out of nanoscale gemstones break easily? 

A: No, not really. 
Brittleness of macroscale gemstones is mainly a result of the unavoidable presence of defects (internal and on surface) 
and continuous covalent connectivity leading to stress concentrations inducing fractures that unboundedly propagate 
to a full break long (easily >99%) before the theoretical limit is reached. 
Thereby massively reducing toughness. 

Interlocking nanoscale gemstones like in [[gemstone based metamaterial]]s 
(will) remove that massive reduction. Even if the many of the cleavage planes are aligned. 
★ by stopping fractures at the next very nearby non-bonded interface interlock and 
★ by most [[crystolecules]] having no internal or external defects 
… particularly no stress concentrating surface divest to get a cleavage plane started. 

== Cleaving planes as only a concern for the very highest performance applications ==

Cleavage planes in gemstones like diamond and are still well above 50% of the maximum ultimate tensile strength 
which is still enormous and sufficient for almost all except the most extreme applications. 

Plus there are a number more and less straightforward ways to improve on that 
in the rare cases it is really needed. E.g.: 

=== Approaches to mitigate for cleavage planes ===

'''Interlocking nano-gemstone [[crystolecules]] in different crystal orientations:''' 
(very much like FFF/FDM 3D printed parts ofteh have a weaker inter layer direction adn wood has a grain. 

'''Varying stacking order:''' 
ABCABC is cubic ABAB is less isotropic hexagonal with a only one major axis insterad of four. 
Other stacking patterns are possible too (this happens naturally in [[moissanite]] (SiC)) 
but one would likely want to make it in some less or more preiodic systematic pattern. 
See: [[Checkerboard compound]] 

'''[[Quasiamorphous]] and [[quasicrystalling structures]]''': 
Fancy stuff to look at eventually. 

Obviously avoid ges with greally pronounced cleabvage planes. 
Some 2D materials like e.g. slingle crystalline graphite (aka HOPG) 
have just mere vdW bonds in one direction. 
These are still not weak from a breaking marcoscale parts by human hands perspective 
but ~100x weaker than covalent. 

== Related ==

* [[Superelasticity]]
* [[Hierarchical intentional breaking interfaces]]